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RUSVM Immunology > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What produces the type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Allergen

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2
Q

In Type I hypersensitivity _________ antibody is over produced

A

IgE

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3
Q

Overproduction of IL4 in type I hypersensitivity leads to increased ________ and ______cell activation

A

Th2 and Bcell

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4
Q

The FceR receptors binds _________

A

Fc region of antibody

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5
Q

Binding of antigen to IgE on mast cells initiates?

A

Degranulation of mast cells ->release of vasoactive molecules, chemotactic molecules, cytokines, and enzymes.

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6
Q

Degranulation of mast cells induces?

A

Acute inflammation and systemic effects

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7
Q

What is the role of IL4 in induction of IgE response?

A

IL4 is produced by Th2 cells and promotes development of Th2 and activation of Bcells to produce IgE

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8
Q

Dendritic cells express a __________ receptor Thant can bind IgE. The processed antigen stimulates _________ cell response which is the production of __________ to further promote IgE response

A

FceRII; TH2; Cytokines

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9
Q

Where are mast cells located?

A

Intestine, skin ,airways, and around nerves

Close to blood vessels

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10
Q

What do mast cells release?

A

Pro-inflammatory mediators

CT and skin
Histamine
Heparin

Intestine and lung
Chondroitin sulfate
Histamine

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11
Q

What are the biological properties of IL33

A

Major mediator of inflammatory reaction
Stimulating release of cytokines from cells

Mast cells- degranulation in presence of IgE
Basophils - differentiation in bone marrow
Eosinophils- terminal effector cells of allergic response
Th2 - eoxtaxins (chemokines attracting more eosinophils)

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12
Q

Mast cell degranulation is enhanced by the stimulation of _________________________ and blocking of _____________

A

A-adrenoreceptors

  • > norepi
  • > phenylephrine

B-adenoreceptors
-> propranolol

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13
Q

Mast cell degranulation of inhibited by stimulation of _________________ and blocking of _________________

A

B-adenoreceptors

  • > isoproterenol
  • > epi
  • > salbutamol

a- adenorecptors

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14
Q

What is the usual chemical mediator of type I hypersensitivity

A

Histamine

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15
Q

What are 3 methods of diagnosis of type I hypersensitivity

A

Intradermal skin testing (inject antigen)

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis

Measure IgE

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16
Q

What are 5 ways to treat type I hypersensitivity ?

A 
Avoid contact 
Corticosteroid 
Antihistamine 
B stimulants /a antagonist 
Immunotherapy
17
Q

What is type II hypersensitivy

A

Reaction against non-self RBC antigens

18
Q

If an animal blood donor doesn’t match recipient what immune response occurs?

A

Production of IgM antibodies

  • agglutination
  • opsonization
  • phagocytosis
  • hemolysis
19
Q

What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

A

Newborn has a different blood type than the mother

During birth the mother is exposed to baby’s blood type and produces antibodies against it

Newborn ingests colostrum with antibody that act against its own RBC

20
Q

What is a type III hypersensitivity ?

A

Antibody + antigen + complement => immune complex

IC deposited in tissues -> chemotatic peptide recruits neutrophils
Leads to inflammation and tissue destruction

21
Q

What are the two types of type III hypersensitivity ?

A

Local and general

22
Q

What is a local type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immune complexes are formed within the tissue

23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of an anthus reaction

A

Immune complex

  • > macrophage ->NO, IL-1, and TNFa
  • > neutrophils
  • > C5a
  • > mast cells
    - -> neutrophil accumulation -> tissue destruction
24
Q

What is a generalized type III hypersensitivity ?

A

Immune complexes form in the blood

  • > removed by erythrocytes/ macrophages
  • > production of high amount of IC
25
Q

Where are immune complexes of a generalized type III hypersensitivity commonly deposited ?

A

Glomeruli > glomerulonephritis
Synovial -> arthritis
Choroid plexus

26
Q

What are the three types of glomerulonephritis ?

A

Type I- mesangial and subendothelial region (Ig and C3)

Type II- deposit in glomerular basement membrane (contains C3)

Type III -subepithelial region (Ig and C3)

27
Q

What is a type Iv hypersensitivity ?

A

Tcell mediated inflammation against an antigen

Eg. Tuberculin

28
Q

How does a type IV hypersensitivity induce inflammation

A

Antigen -> Dendritic cells -> migrate to lymph node -> antigen presented to Tcell -> Tcell produce cytokines -> macrophages and basophils activated to release serotonin, enzymes, oxygen, and metabolites ->inflammation

29
Q

What are the 4 tuberculin tests in cattle?

A

Single intradermal
Comparative
Short therma
Stormot

30
Q

What two tuberculin tests can be used in postpartum cattle and in infected/advanced stage cases?

A

Short thermal - time consuming
Storming - 3 visits

,

31
Q

What tuberculin test is used for routine testing and what is its disadvantage?

A

Single intradermal

Prone to false positives
Poor sensitivity

32
Q

What is allergic contact dermatitis ?

A

Reactive chemicals on skin -> bind skin proteins -> complexes processed by Langerhans cells in dermis

33
Q

How can atopic dermatitis be differentiated from allergic contact dermatitis

A

Atopic - type I hypersensitivity -> intradermal testing (immediate result) -> high eosinophils levels

Allergic contact- type IV hypersensitivity -> patch test (delayed response) -> high macrophage levels

34
Q

How is cell proliferation measured to determine a type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

Thymidine uptake

Cells stimulated to divide by an antigen/mitogen-> Thymidine incorporated into dividing cells -> uptake measured by radioactivity

35
Q

How is cell death used to measure a type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

Target cells take up chromium51 -> cytotoxic cells kill -> chromiym51 is released -> radioactivity measure

36
Q

How can ELISA be used to measure a type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

IFN-y is released from lymphocyte in response to antigen -> assay for amount of IFN produced

ELISplot : antibody against IFN into well -> add lymphoid cells -> add antigen -> lymphoid cells produce cytokine that binds to antibody in well -> assay

RUSVM Immunology (10 decks)

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