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RUSVM Immunology > Cellular Immune Response > Flashcards

Cellular Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

The cellular immune response, infected cells can be cleared by what two general actions.

A

Cells are killed

Activated to kill and destroy intracellular organism

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2
Q

MHC I presents antigens to _________

A

CD8 cytotoxic Tcells

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3
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of Tcell cytotoxicity ?

A

Intrinsic - Granzyme released from Tcell

Extrinsic- CD95L on cell surface binds to CD98

Both lead to cascade activation and apoptosis

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4
Q

What are the three types of caspases?

A

Initiator caspase - activated by death complex

Effector caspase -break down cellular structures

Inflammatory caspase -activated by inflammasomes

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5
Q

When an TCR binds to MHC I, ___________ is released from the dendritic to activate the Tcell

A

IL12

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6
Q

During cell cooperation between a CD8+ cell bound to MHC and CD4+ bound to the same dendritic cell, the CD4+ cell will release what cytokines to enhance the cellular immune response

A

CD4+ Th1 releases

IL22 and CCL22 to positive feedback to dendritic cell

IL2 and IFNy to activate CD8+ cell

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7
Q

In an immunological synapse between a cytotoxic Tcell and its target, the outer ring consists of ___________, an inner ring with ________, and a central zone with ____________ and _____________

A 
Adhesion proteins (iCAM)
Costimulatory proteins (CD2/CD40)
Apoptotic mechanisms (FasL/Fas and Perforins) and TCR/MHC with costimulatory molecules
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8
Q

What molecule is important in intracellular adhesion between a cytotoxic Tcell and target cell and what are the functions?

A

iCAM

TCR and MHC with costimulatory molecules move between these adhesion molecules and localize the cytotoxic activity

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9
Q

What is a non-MHC restricted mode of cell death?

A

Nitric oxide (NO) released by macrophages
ADCC
Pe for instance (NK cells)

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10
Q

Macrophage activation requires what two cytokines released by and APC to activate the Th1 cells which will release what two cytokines leading to the activation of the macrophage .

A

APC -> IL12 and IFNy -> Th1 activated -> IL2 and IFNy -> activated machrophage —–> bacterial destruction

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11
Q

What are the two classical pathways of machrophage activation?

A

Innate: NKcells release IFNy (not fully activated, requires IL2)

Adaptive: Th1 release IFNy and IL2

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12
Q

Macrophages can differentiate into M1 or M2 macrophages. M1 cells differentiation is caused by cytokines from ____________ cells. M2 cell differentiation is caused by cytokines from ______________ cells.

A

M1- Th1 cells

M2- Th2 and Tregulatory cells

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13
Q

M1 promote _____________, and M2 cells promote __________________

A

Inflammation

Resolution of inflammation

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14
Q

Resolution of inflammation, regulated by M2 macrophages promotes ?

A

Wound healing
ECM
Cell proliferation
Angiogenesis

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of effector memory Tcells

A 
CD44+
Increased IL2 receptors 
Increased adhesion molecules 
Increased IL4 and IFNy
Increased TCR stimulation 
IL15->Tc memory survival 
Human Tcell memory survival 8-15yrs
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16
Q

What are the steps following TCR and CD3 activation leading to cell division and cytokine synthesis ?

A

CD3 transmit signal
Protein kinases activated
Transcription factors activated
Gene transcription

17
Q

A strong signal into the Tcell requires both antigen and ___________

A

Costimulation by CD28

Antigen by itself promotes a weak signal unless there is a high amount of that antigen

18
Q

What is a superantigen?

A

Bind to variable region of TCR and MHCII producing a strong signal

19
Q

What are the sub populations of helper Tcells and what immune response do they take part in?

A

Th1 - cellular
Th2 -humoral
Th17- inflammation

20
Q

What is required for differentiation of helper Tcells?

A

Costimulation and cytokine production

21
Q

What co- stimulators molecules are required to activate Th1?

A

CD80 and IL-12

22
Q

What costimulatory molecules are required for Th2 cell activation ?

A

CD86 and IL-1

23
Q

Th1 produces what types of cytokines?

A

IL-2
IFNy
TNFB

TNFa
GM-CSF
IL-3

24
Q

IL-2 and INFy produced by Th1 have an _____________ effect on Th2

A

Inhibitory

25
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th2??

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
IL-13

TNFa
GM-CSF
IL-3

26
Q

IL-4 and IL10 have an _____________ effect on Th1

A

Inhibitory

27
Q

IL-4 is an antagonist to what two cytokines produced by Th1 cells

A

IL-2 and INFy

28
Q

Activation of Th1 produces what 3 main effects

A

Tcell cytotoxicity
Macrophage activation
Some IgG production

29
Q

Activation of Th2 cells causes production of?

A

Bcell activation -> IgG, IgA, and IgE

30
Q

What are the main three functions of IFNy?

A

Activates NK cells
Activates macrophages
Antiviral

31
Q

What are the main functions of IL-2?

A

Promote Th1 activation
Promotes Bcell proliferation
Active macrophage and NKcells
Controls Tregulatory cells

32
Q

What are the main functions of IL-4

A

Stimulate Bcells
Activate macrophage
Suppresses TH17 and Th1
Antagonize IFNy and IL2

33
Q

What is the main function of T17

A

Produce pro-inflammatory cytokines

Bcell helper

34
Q

__________ Tcells can act as innate immune cells with invariant antigen receptor OR as adaptive Th cell with TCR of polyclonal origin

A

Y/delta

RUSVM Immunology (10 decks)

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