Hypaxial Muscles

Question 1

Hypaxial muscles

Answer 1

Flex head; embrace all other trunk muscles not included in the epaxial division; located ventral to the transverse processes and include those of the abdominal and thoracic walls

Question 2

Longus capitis

Answer 2

lateral surface of the cervical vertebrae; lateral to the longus colli
Origin: transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
Insertion: muscular tubercle on ventral surface of the basioccipital bone of the skull

Question 3

Longus colli

Answer 3

covers ventral surfaces of the vertebral bodies from the sixth thoracic vertebra cranially to the atlas; consists of overlapping fascicles that attach to the vertebral bodies or the transverse processes; cranial cervical bundles attach to the atlas

Question 4

Scalenus

Answer 4

ventral to the origin of the cervical and cranial thoracic parts of the serratus ventralis; attaches to the first few ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae; divided into several slips
function: accessory breathing muscle; inspiration

Question 5

Serratus ventralis cervicis and thoracis

Answer 5

large, fan-shaped muscle with an extensive origin on the neck and thorax
insertion: serrated face of the scapula

Question 6

Serratus dorsalis

Answer 6

cranial and caudal components that arise by a broad aponeurosis from the tendinous raphe of the neck and from the thoracic and lumbar spines
insertion: proximal portions of the ribs

Question 7

Serratus dorsalis cranialis

Answer 7

lies on the dorsal surface of the cranial thorax

origin: broad aponeurosis deep to rhomboideus
insertions: by serrations on craniolateral surface of the ribs
functions: accessory breathing muscles; inspiration

Question 8

Serratus dorsalis caudalis

Answer 8

smaller, found on the dorsal surface of the caudal thorax; distinct muscle leaves that arise by an aponeurosis from thoracolumbar fascia

insertion: caudal borders of the last 3 ribs
functions: accessory breathing muscle; expiration

Question 9

Intercostal muscles- external

Answer 9

each side of thoracic wall; fibers run caudoventrally from caudal border of one rib to the cranial border of the rib behind it; ventral border is near the costochondral junction
function: accessory breathing muscles; draw ribs together

Question 10

Intercostal muscles- internal

Answer 10

fibers run cranioventrally; from cranial border of one rib to the caudal border of the rib in front of it
function: accessory breathing muscles; draw ribs together

Question 11

List Hypaxial muscles

Answer 11

Longus colli, Longus capitis, Scalenus, Serratus dorsalis (Cranialis and Caudalis), External and Internal intercostal muscles

Question 12

Accessory breathing muscles

Answer 12

Scalenus, Intercostal muscles (external and internal), Serratus dorsalis