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Physical Agents > Hydrotherapy and contrast baths > Flashcards

Hydrotherapy and contrast baths Flashcards

1
Q

buoyancy

A

The tendency to remain afloat in a liquid

- contributes to water being used as an anti-gravity enviroment

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2
Q

Archimedes’ prinicple

A
  • an object that is immersed in water experiences an upward thrust equal to the weight of the water displaced
  • Water therefore can be a supportive medium
  • upward movements assisted
  • downward resisted
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3
Q

Specific gravity

A
  • the measure of an objects density in grams per cubic cm
  • the specific gravity of pure water at 4 degrees Celsius is 100 g/cm^3
    • object with specific gravity of <1.00g/cm^3 will float
    • greater than 1 will sink
  • The human body with inflated lungs has specific gravity of 0.974 g/cm^3
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4
Q

Center of buoyancy

A
  • Reference point
  • pertains only to that segment of the body immersed in water
  • used to analyze effect of buoyancy on movement
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5
Q

Rotary components of gravity and buoyancy

A
  • at 90 degrees (arm out) gravity straight down, buoyancy straight up
  • 45 degrees both hitting move obliquely on arm
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6
Q

Changes to center of buoyancy

A
  • 90 degrees arm out CB close to body

- 90 degrees arm out holding ball CB moves farther awa

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7
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by the water on the immersed part

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8
Q

Pascal’s law

A
  • When an object immersed in fluid is at rest, the fluid will exert equal pressure on all surfaces of the object
  • compression on lungs in respiratory pts
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9
Q

Viscosity

A

The degree to which fluid resists flow
-due to cohesive forces present between molecules
The viscosity of water tends to resist movement in all directions
-more rapid movements encounter greater resistance than slower movements

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10
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: Cleansing effect

A
  • Tx of open wounds
  • pressure-soften and remove debris
    • force exerted is proportional to rate of flow
  • Debriding agent> remove endogenous agents
  • cleansing agent> remove exogenous waste
  • Can add products to water to improve cleansing power
  • antimicrobial
  • surfactants
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11
Q

Cleansing effects: immersion

A
  • Hydrostatic pressure, heat
  • inc circulation
  • inc nutrients and inc removal of waste products
  • inc wound healing
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12
Q

Cleansing effects: nonimmersion

A
  • Cleansing
  • softens necrotic tissue removes wound debris
  • dec bacterial load, dec barrier to epithelization
  • inc wound healing
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13
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: musculoskeletal effects

A
  • Decreased WBing
  • Strengthening
  • Slowed bone density loss
  • less fat loss than with other forms of exercise
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14
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: cardiovascular effects

A

Increased venous circulation

  • increased cardiac volume
  • increased cardiac output
  • decreased heart rate, systolic BP, and VO2 response to exercise
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15
Q

Cardiovascular effects

A

hydrostatic pressure displaces venous blood proximally, which increases cardiac volume, which increases stroke volume and increases cardiac output

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16
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: Respiratory effects

A
  • Decreased vital capacity
  • increased work of breathing
  • decreased exercise-induced asthma
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17
Q

Respiratory effects

A
  • hydrostatic pressure increases compression of chest wall which decreases vital capacity which increases work of breathing
  • hydrostatic pressure also increases circulation in chest cavity which increases work of breathing
  • high humidity of air decreases exercise induced asthma
18
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: renal effects

A
  • Diuresis

- induced sodium and potassium excretion

19
Q

Renal effects

A
  • hydrostatic presssure increases renal blood flow which increases urinated K+ and Na+ which decreases edema
  • hydrostatic pressure also increases central blood volume which decreases ADH and aldosterone which increases urinated K+ and Na+ which decreases edema
20
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: psychological effects

A
  • Relaxation

- invigoration

21
Q

Indications for hydrotherapy: Subacute/chronic soft tissue injuries

A

Effect

  • dec swelling (pressure)
  • Hastens healing (thermal)
  • decreases pain/spasm (thermal)
  • increases ROM (buoyancy and thermal)
  • increases strength (buoyancy and pressure)
22
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: shortened tissues, contractures, scars

A

Effects

  • causes relaxation ( thermal and psychological)
  • increases extensibility of non elastic tissues (thermal)
  • softens scar tissue ( fluidity and thermal)
23
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: arthritis

A
  • Increased joint mobility
  • decreased pain
  • increased ROM
    • all b/c of thermal and buoyancy properties of water
24
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: open wounds

A
  • Cleanses, debrides ( fluidity and pressure)

- increases circulation ( thermal and pressure)

25
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy: Muscle weakness

A
  • Increased ROM
  • increased strength
    ( buoyancy and antibouyancy pressure)
26
Q

Contraindications for hydrotherapy: cardiac dysfunction

A

Heart cannot adapt to changes needed for thermal homeostasis adjustment

27
Q

Contraindications for hydrotherapy: Respiratory dysfunction

A

Inability to resist hydrostatic pressure, tolerate heat, or both

28
Q

Contraindications for hydrotherapy: decreased thermal sensation

A

Inability to report overheating or overcooling. Avoid hot or cold water. Recommend cool through warm range (80° to 98°F)

29
Q

Contraindications for hydrotherapy: severe PVD diabetic, arterial sclerosis

A

Contraindication for heat. Avoid temp. ↑ 95°F

30
Q

Contraindications for hydrotherapy: surface infections

A

Infections may spread to other areas or cross contaminate via water

31
Q

Contraindications for hydrotherapy:

A

Contraindication for heat

32
Q

Contrast bath classification

A

A form of infared modality emitting electromagnetic radiation
-wavelengths & frequencies are dependent upon specific temp of the baths
Thermal modality used for superficial heating and cooling of tissues
-maximum depth of penetration of heating or cooling is approx 1 cm
-usually utilizes the conduction method of heat transfer

33
Q

Contrast bath description

A

Immersion of part of body into baths in which the temp of the water alternates between warm and cold

34
Q

Contrast bath purpose and goals

A

Primarily vascular exercise

  • alternate dilation and constriction of local blood vessels
  • peripheral circulation is stimulated which may stimulate the healing process in damaged tissues
  • may promote pain relief and desensitization
35
Q

Contrast bath physiologic responses

A
  • Vasoconstriction/ dilation of superficial BVs

- edema decreased

36
Q

Contrast bath indications

A
  • impaired venous circulation
  • subacute or chronic traumatic and inflammatory conditions
  • may be used during the transition period between acute and sub acute
  • chronic edema
  • sinus or congestive headaches (apply to feet or hands and feet)
  • hypersensitivity due to reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or complex regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
37
Q

Whirlpool classification

A
  • infared modality emitting electromagnetic radiation
  • wavelength and frequency are dependent upon specific temp of water
  • thermal modality used for superficial heating of tissue
  • depth penetration 1cm
  • usually uses conduction and convection method of heat transfer
  • A mechanical modality for debriding open wounds
38
Q

Whirlpool description

A
  • tub of water which is agitated by an electric turbine
  • generally made of stainless steel or acrylic material
  • made in many shapes and sizes
  • may be used for either heating and cooling
39
Q

Whirlpool types

A
  • Extremity tank- immerse distal extremity

- high-boy & low-boy tanks used for immersion of larger body parts of extremities and immersion up to waist

40
Q

Whirlpool therapeutic purposes/goals

A
  • Debride open wound
  • same as those for other superficial heating and cooling
  • to provide medium for ther ex
  • reduce pain
41
Q

Hubbard tank

A
  • Classification same and whirpool
  • butterfly shaped whirlpool designed so that a pt may be immersed in recumbent position
  • to deliver heat or cold to large portion of body
  • to allow unweighted exercise

Physical Agents (21 decks)

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