E-stim for tissue healing Flashcards
1
Q
Wound healing: inflammatory stage
A
- hemostasis: blood clotting due to platelets binding and adhering to periphery of wound
- phagocytosis- driven by macrophages, monocytes, inactive neutraphils; breakdown and elimination of bacteria/foreign substances and -Autolysis=breakdown of other foreign debris
- Fibroblast migration
2
Q
Wound healing: hemostasis
A
- blood clotting occurs platelets bind and adhere to collagen of periphery of injured tissue
- platelets attract other cells> kemotatic influence
- some cells attracted= macrophages, monocytes, and inactive neutraphils
3
Q
Wound healing: proliferation stage
A
- collagen synthesis
- angiogenesis= new BVs; critical for nutrients for healing
- epithelialization
- wound contraction
4
Q
Wound healing: maturation stage
A
- collagen lysis
- collagen replacement
5
Q
Factors that impede wound healing
A
- some systemic medications
- corticosteriods, aspirin, indomethacin?
- some topical medications
- *iodine- can kill cells that help with healing
- malnutrition
- prolonged pressure or stretch-
- interrupt development of capillaries (angiogenesis) disrupting blood supply
- infection
- immunodificency
- impairment to inflammatory response
- smoking
- dryness or necrotic tissue
6
Q
Assessment of chronic wounds:
A
Size - Surface area: **tape measure width and length of wound @ greatest pt **most commonly measured -depth -volume ** look at total volume of wound ** create (-) mold of wound, volume measured by displacement of model description of wound base assessment of periwound tissue Drainage of wound - clear or pinkage drainage w/out odor= inflammatory stage - yellow/cloudy drainage= infection
7
Q
Types of chronic wounds
A
- Pressure sores
- arterial insufficiency ulcers
- venous insufficiency ulcers
- Diabetic ulcers
8
Q
Pressure sore
A
- Area of local tissue loss due to prolonged tissue compression between boney prominences and external surfaces
- Common locations
- sacrum, heels, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, malleoli
- etiology:
- compression of tissue reduces blood perfusion in tissues and produces necrosis
9
Q
Stages of pressure sores
A
- Stage 1: non-blanchable erythema of intact skin
- Stage II: partial thickness skin loss to epidermis, dermis, or both
- Stage III: full thickness skin loss including damage to subcutaneous tissue
- Stage IV: full thickness skin loss with destruction or damage to muscle, bone, or support structures
10
Q
Arterial insufficiency ulcers
A
- area of local tissue loss due to arterial blood supply deficiency
- common locations:
- on foot, over malleoli, toe joints, lateral foot border
- Etiology:
- arteriosclerosis, arterial occlusion (ex thrombosis), arterial disruption
11
Q
Venous insufficiency ulcers
A
- area of local blood loss due to deficiency in venous drainage
- common locations:
- above the ankle, medial lower leg
- etiology:
- *sustained venous hypertension, venous valvular dysfunction
12
Q
Diabetic ulcers
A
- area of local tissue loss due to sensory neuropathy and arterial blood supply deficiency
- common locations:
- *plantar surface of foot, over heel, lateral border of foot, plantar surface of metatarsal heads
- etiology:
- tissue trauma in insensate tissue, PVD
13
Q
biological effect of electricity: electrochemical
A
Formation of new chemical compounds
- negative electrode
- 2 Na + 2 H20 > 2 NaOH + H2 (alkaline)
- positive electrode
- 2 Cl2 + 2H20 > 4 HCL + O2 (acid)
14
Q
biological effect of electricity: electrophysical
A
- electrokinetic effect- ion movement
- negative electrode = attraction of + ions, drive (-) electrodes away
- ex. depolarization of excitable membrane
15
Q
biological effect of electricity: electrothermal
A
- Microvibration of charged particles produces heat
- H= 0.24 x I^2 x R x t
- H=heat produced
- I= RMS amp current
- R= impedance of tissue
- t= time
- High RMS, high skin impedance and prolonged treatment time increase thermal effect
