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Physical Agents > Acupuncture > Flashcards

Acupuncture Flashcards

1
Q

Acupuncture

A

is a practice in which needles are inserted into various traditionally determined points of the body and then manipulated
- claims to relieve pain, treat infertility, treats disease, prevents disease, promotes general health, or can be used for therapeutic purposes

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2
Q

Dry needling

A

-one type of acupuncture but can be practiced by PTs in 26 states

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3
Q

Yin Yang

A
  • Extreme opposites

ex. male/female, night/day

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4
Q

zang-fu organs

A
  • Describes 5 organs with specific functions and pathological changes
  • heart controls mind
  • kidney controls bone ( metabolism or vitamin D)
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5
Q

Qi

A

energy- light force

- need food and air to get energy (rice and vapor)

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6
Q

Theories based on chinese philosophy

A
  • Yin yang
  • zang-fu organs
  • five elements
  • qi, blood, and body fluid
  • meridians
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7
Q

Five elements

A

used to describe symptoms

  • Fire
  • Earth
  • Metal
  • water
  • Wood
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8
Q

Fire

A
  • comes from water, gives birth to metal
  • Yin Yang examples
    • yin: heart (HT) Yang: small intestine (SI)
  • Yin: heart constrictor Yang: triple heater (TH)
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9
Q

Earth

A
  • comes from wood, gives birth to water
  • Yin Yang example:
    • Yin: spleen (SP); Yang: Stomach (ST)
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10
Q

Metal

A
  • Comes from fire gives birth to wood
  • Yin Yang example:
    • Yin: lung (LU); Yang: large intestine (LI)
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11
Q

Water

A
  • Comes from earth gives birth to fire
  • Yin yang example:
    • Yin: kidney (KI); Yang: Bladder (BL)
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12
Q

Wood

A
  • Comes from metal, gives birth to earth
  • Yin Yang example:
    • Yin: liver (LIV); Yang: gall bladder (GB)
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13
Q

Yang in the body

A
  • Exterior: skin, flesh, hair, meridians
  • excess (shi): disease preventing forces (-), pathogenic factors increase
  • heat: yin deficiency or excess heat
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14
Q

Yin in the body

A
  • Interior: organs, bone marrow, qi, and blood
  • Deficiency (xu): disease preventing forces decrease, pathogenic factors (-)
  • Cold: yang deficiency or excess cold
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15
Q

Pattern recognition

A
  • Five elements
  • interconnections between patterns
  • TCM eight principles
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16
Q

Acupuncture meridian chart

A
  • includes everything (vascular, cardio, etc)

- high correlation between pathways of nerves and meridian system

17
Q

examination in traditional chinese medicine

A
  • Inspection (whole body including tongue)
  • Palpation including pulse which would include feeling strength, rhythm, depth of pulse
  • Auscultation
  • Percussion
  • History taking
18
Q

Diagnosis in TCM ( pattern recognition)

A
  • eight principles
  • Zang-fu organ system
  • Qi, blood, body fluid system
  • Meridian system
  • ie. kidney yang deficiency
19
Q

Acupuncture treatment

A

Treatment via tonifying deficiencies and dispersing excesses
- release excess fire
-tonify deficient water
- use acupuncture and chinese herbs in combo
Treatment based on modern biomedical understandings

20
Q

History of acupuncture: middle ages

A
  • acupuncture spread from china to korea, Japan, and Vietnam, and elsewhere in East Asia.
  • Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century were among the first to bring reports of acupuncture to the West
21
Q

History of acupuncture: modern era

A
  • acupuncture became better knonw in the US after an article appeared in the NY times by James Reston, who underwent an emergency appendectomy while visiting China
  • while standard anesthesia was used for actual surgery, he was treated with acupuncture for post-op discomfort
  • National Acupuncture Association (NAA) introduced acupuncture to the West through seminars and research presentations
22
Q

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: myofascial pain

A

summarized as tight cord, nodule or band that can be accompanied by radiating pain and localized muscle twitches

23
Q

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: Trigger points

A

90% of pain will be gone within 2 minutes with acupuncture

24
Q

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: stretch- like effects

A
  • Acupuncture acts like stretch
  • stretch activates fibroblasts to secrete inflammatory mediators that dilute pain mediators and activate 2nd messenger systems that increase protein production to help with recovery
25
Q

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain: adenosine system (acupuncture/ dry needling for muscle performance)

A
  • mediates secretion of ADP

- if you have more ADP can fire with more force and have more ROM

26
Q

Modern understandings of Needling in Musculoskeletal pain

A
  • myofascial pain
  • trigger points
  • stretch-like effects
  • endogenous opioid system
  • adenosine system ( for muscle performance)
  • gate-control theory
27
Q

Acupuncture and the human brain

A
  • can modulate brain activity by activating and inactivating specific areas
28
Q

sensations patients feel during acupuncture

A
  • fullness
  • numbness
  • soreness
  • tingling
  • heaviness
  • Pressure
  • dull pain
  • warmness
  • coolness
29
Q

Acupuncture for pain study results

A
  • Acupuncture was superior to both sham and no-acupuncture control for each pain condition
  • these results were robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, including those related to publication bias
30
Q

Nerve stimulation in needling

A
  • Low back pain: sciatic nerve
  • sinusitis: infraorbital N
  • Blurry eye vision: greater auricular N (C2, C3)
  • Headache: greater occipital N (C2, C3)
  • GI systems: sympathetic and parasympathetic N
  • Urinogenitary symptoms: sacral N
31
Q

East Meets West

A
  • Acupuncture vs dry needle technique ( same needles)
  • acupoints vs trigger points
  • electroacupuncture treatment vs eletrotherapy
  • tuina (massage) vs soft tissue mobilization (comes from chinese massage)
  • OM moxibustion and cupping vs hot pack
32
Q

Effectiveness of Dry Needling for Upper-Quarter Myofascial Pain study results

A
  • Dry needling compared to sham or placebo is recommended for decreasing pain immediately after treatment and at 4 weeks in pts with upper quarter MPS

Physical Agents (21 decks)

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