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Apparatus Tech material > Hydrolics Manual > Flashcards

Hydrolics Manual Flashcards

1
Q

What is hydraulics?

A

The study of fluids at rest and in motion

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2
Q

One cubic foot contains how many gallons?

A

7.5 gallons

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3
Q

One cubic foot of water weighs how much?

A

62.5 lbs

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4
Q

One gallon of water weighs how much?

A

8.33 lbs

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5
Q

A column of water 1 foot high exerts how much pressure at its base?

A

0.434 PSI

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6
Q

50 foot length of 1 3/4 inch hose contains how many gallons?

A

6.24 gallons

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7
Q

50 foot length of 1.88 inch hose contains how many gallons?

A

7.2 gallons

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8
Q

50 foot length of 2.5 inch hose contains how many gallons?

A

12.74 gallons

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9
Q

50 foot length of 3 inch hose contains how many gallons?

A

18.35 gallons

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10
Q

100 foot length of 4 inch hose contains how many gallons?

A

65.25 gallons

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11
Q

100 foot length of 5 inch hose contains how many gallons?

A

101.94

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12
Q

Nozzle pressure for smooth bore handlines is ____ and can be increased to ___ to achieve higher flow?

A

50; 65

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13
Q

Nozzle pressure for master streams with smooth bore nozzles is ___ and can be increased to ___ for higher flows?

A

80; 100

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14
Q

The Akron Assault nozzles are designed for ___ PSI nozzle pressure and flows ___ gpm with the fog nozzle and ___ gpm with the 15/16 slug.

A

50; 175; 185

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15
Q

The nozzle pressure for all fog nozzles is ___ unless otherwise indicated.

A

100 PSI

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16
Q

What is the definition of appliance?

A

any nozzle, wye, Siamese, deluge monitor, or any other piece of hardware used in conjunction with fire hose for the purpose of delivering water.

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17
Q

What is the definition of centrifugal pumps?

A

Pumps used on modern fire apparatus, which takes advantage of incoming water pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump and travels through one or more impellers.

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18
Q

What is the definition of discharge velocity?

A

The rate at which water travels from an orifice and can be measured using a pitot gage.

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19
Q

What is the definition of a Siamese?

A

an appliance that combines two or more hose lines into one.

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20
Q

What is the definition of a wye?

A

an appliance that breaks one hose into two or more with one female and two male outlets, usually gated.

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21
Q

What is the definition of a master stream?

A

Any variety of heavy caliber water stream delivering 350 GPM or more

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22
Q

What is the definition of a gutter line?

A

a line run directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper

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23
Q

What decimal place should driver/operator round too when calculating numbers?

A

nearest hundredth (two decimal places)

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24
Q

What is the formula for determining volume of a rectangular or square container?

A

L’ x W’ x D’ (or average depth) x 7.5 (number of gallons in a cubic foot)
*Average depth equal (shallowest + deepest) /2

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25
Q

What is the formula for determining weight of water of a rectangular or square container?

A

L’ x W’ x D’ x 62.5

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26
Q

What is the formula for volume of a cylinder, pipe, or hose in gallons?

A

pie x radius squared x H’ (or L’) x 7.5

Pie= 3.14
radius squared= radius or 1/2 diameter in feet
H= average height/ depth in feet

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27
Q

What is the formula for smooth bore nozzle discharge?

A

29.7 x diameter squared x square root of Nozzle Pressure

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28
Q

Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1/2” tip?

A

53

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29
Q

Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 7/8” tip?

A

161

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30
Q

Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 15/16” tip?

A

185

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31
Q

Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1” tip?

A

210

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32
Q

Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/8” tip?

A

266

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33
Q

Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4” tip?

A

328

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34
Q

Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1/2” tip?

A

50

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35
Q

Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 7/8” tip?

A

150

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36
Q

Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 15/16” tip?

A

185

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37
Q

Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1” tip?

A

200

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38
Q

Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/8” tip?

A

250

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39
Q

Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4” tip?

A

325

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40
Q

Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4” tip?

A

415

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41
Q

Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/8” tip?

A

502

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42
Q

Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/2” tip?

A

598

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43
Q

Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/4” tip?

A

814

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44
Q

Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 2” tip?

A

1062

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45
Q

Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4” tip?

A

400

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46
Q

Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/8” tip?

A

500

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47
Q

Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/2” tip?

A

600

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48
Q

Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/4” tip?

A

800

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49
Q

Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 2” tip?

A

1000

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50
Q

The 1” adjustable fog nozzle can be set to deliver what GPM?

A

12-60

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51
Q

The 1 1/2” Akron assault nozzle flows what GPM?

A

175

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52
Q

The 2 1/2” Akron fog nozzle can be set to flow what GPM?

A

125-250

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53
Q

The Akron Quick- Attack Mercury Monitor flows what GPM?

A

500

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54
Q

Master stream fog nozzles can flow between what range of GPM?

A

150-2000

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55
Q

Booster reel lines are usually ___ ft long, 1” rubber line with an adjustable gallonage fog nozzle that can flow between ___ to ___ GPM at ___ psi Nozzle pressure?

A

150; 12 - 60; 100

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56
Q

Forestry hose comes in ___ ft and ___ ft sections. An adjustable fog nozzle can flow between ___ to ___ GPM at ___ psi; Or the ___ GPM red fog nozzle can flow at ___ psi

A

50 - 100; 12 - 60; 100

22; 100

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57
Q

The decontamination shower flows ____ GPM at ___ PSI

A

270; 75

58
Q

The piercing nozzle flows ___ GPM at ____ PSI

A

125; 100

59
Q

The 2 1/2” distributer nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI

A

250 ; 100

60
Q

The 1 1/2” distributer nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI

A

95 ; 50

61
Q

The 2 1/2’ cellar nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI

A

350 ; 100

62
Q

The 1 1/2” cellar nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI

A

160 ; 100

63
Q

How many different types on monitors are used in Fairfax County?

A

Three

64
Q

Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 1 3/8” flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?

A

500 ; 110

65
Q

Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 1 1/2” flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?

A

600 ; 110

66
Q

Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 1 3/4” flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?

A

800 ; 110

67
Q

Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 2” flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?

A

1000 ; 120

68
Q

Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 90 PSI?

A

500

69
Q

Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 110 PSI?

A

750

70
Q

Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 120 PSI?

A

1000

71
Q

Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 140 PSI?

A

1250

72
Q

Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 100 psi?

A

500

73
Q

Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 110 psi?

A

750

74
Q

Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 130 psi?

A

1000

75
Q

Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 140 psi?

A

1250

76
Q

The Akron quick attack mercury monitor is the portable monitor used in Fairfax County. It flows ___ GPM from either the fog nozzle at __ PSI or smooth bore nozzle with 1 3/8 tip at ___ PSI.

A

500 ; 100 ; 80

77
Q

Maximum inlet pressure for the portable monitor is ___ PSI

A

150

78
Q

Appliance loss for the mercury monitor is?

A

10 PSI

79
Q

Combination monitors are fixed to the pumper but can be detached and connected to a ground mount to be used as a portable monitor. Smooth bore nozzle flows ___ - ____ GPM at ___ PSI. Fog nozzle flows ___ - ___ GPM at ___ PSI.

A

500 - 1000 at 80 ; 350 - 1250 at 100

80
Q

Basic Principals of friction loss: All variable being the same, friction loss will vary directly with the length of hose or pipe. What principal is this?

A

1st

81
Q

Basic Principals of friction loss: All variables being the same, the friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of flow. If the flow rate is doubled, the friction loss with be four times. What principal is this?

A

2nd

82
Q

Basic Principals of friction loss: When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased. What principal is this?

A

3rd

83
Q

Basic Principals of friction loss: For any given velocity, friction loss is independent of pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line, not pressure, cause friction loss. What principal is this?

A

4th

84
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 1”

A

150

85
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 1 3/4’

A

10 (15.5 per IFSTA)

86
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 2”

A

8

87
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 2 1/2”

A

2

88
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 3”

A

0.8

89
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 3 1/2 “

A

0.34

90
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 4”

A

0.2

91
Q

Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 5”

A

0.08

92
Q

Formula for Friction loss?

A

FL= C x Q squared/100 x L/100

93
Q

Appliance loss: Less than 350 GPM

A

0

94
Q

Appliance loss: Over 350 GPM

A

10 psi

95
Q

Appliance loss: Ladder pipes

A

25 PSI

96
Q

Appliance loss: Master streams (except for mercury monitor)

A

25 PSI

97
Q

Appliance loss: standpipes

A

25 PSI

98
Q

Elevation loss theoretical and fire ground

A

0.434 at base for 1 foot high. 4.34 for 10 feet ; 0.5 per foot or 5 for every 10 feet

99
Q

Elevation loss: If pumping uphill then down hill

A

Net difference between the two

100
Q

Pump discharge pressure formula

A

PDP= NP+ TPL

101
Q

Total Pressure loss formula

A

TPL= FL + AL +/- EL

102
Q

Maximum safe PDP

A

250 PSi

103
Q

The National Foam JS-10 air aspirating nozzle has a rating of ___ GPM at ___ PSI at the tip

A

100 ; 100

104
Q

What style foam can the JS-10 be used with and how must it be operated?

A

Low expansion foam. Either fully open or fully closed.

105
Q

Fairfax county Portable Foam Eductor’s flow ___ to ___ GPM with a PDP of ___ PSI at the educator.

A

95 - 125; 200

106
Q

The Portable foam eductor must be placed ___ feet from the pump panel and within ___ feet of the nozzle?

A

50 feet ; 200 feet

107
Q

The nozzle should be no more than ___ feet above the eductor

A

5

108
Q

All Fairfax county engine companies carry a minimum of ___ gallons of foam

A

40

109
Q

Relay operations: Relays are defined as ____ pumpers that are in line between the water source and the nozzle.

A

Two or more

110
Q

Relay operations Initally all 4” supply lines should be charged to ___ PSI

A

50

111
Q

Relay operations: Initially all 3” lines should be charged to ___ PSI

A

100

112
Q

Relay operations: If a 4” and a 3” are used together initially, they should be charged to ___ PSI

A

100

113
Q

Relay operations: Pump discharge pressure formula

A

PDP= RP+TPL

114
Q

Relay operations: Residual Pressure is always ___ when using the formula?

A

20 PSI

115
Q

Most Fairfax county pumpers are rated at ____ GPM at ___ PSI

A

1500 ; 150

116
Q

Pump pressure and the flow are inversely proportional. When the pump pressure ___ the flow ___

A

Increases ; Decreases

117
Q

Coefficients for multiple supply lines: Two 3” lines

A

0.2

118
Q

Coefficients for multiple supply lines: One 4” and one 3”

A

0.09

119
Q

Coefficients for multiple supply lines: Two 4”

A

0.05

120
Q

Percentage Drop Formula

A

(SP - RP) 100/ SP

121
Q

Percentage drop and additional water: 0-10%

A

3 time the original amount

122
Q

Percentage drop and additional water: 11 - 15%

A

2 times the original amount

123
Q

Percentage drop and additional water: 16-25%

A

1 times the original amount

124
Q

Percentage drop and additional water: greater than 25%

A

0 times the original amount

125
Q

Standpipe operations: Upon arrival, after securing a water source from a hydrant, one line should be connected to the FDC and charged to ___ PSI

A

150

126
Q

Once water is flowing in a standpipe, the operator needs to determine and add the following items together to deliver the correct pressure.

A
  • NP
  • Friction loss in attack line (including any appliances if flowing over 350 GPM)
  • 25 PSI appliance loss for stand pipe
  • Friction loss in the supply line from the pumper to standpipe connect
  • The height the attack line is above the pumper
127
Q

Sprinkle systems: Starting PDP for sprinkler systems is ___ PSI

A

150

128
Q

Combination systems: These systems should be considered a standpipe and charged immediately upon arrival on the scene and without orders. The starting pressure for combination systems is ___ PSI

A

150

129
Q

Elevated master streams: A minimum of 1 LDH or two 3” lines should be used to supply aerial devices. Starting pressure is ___ PSI

A

150

130
Q

Blitz attack: What is it?

A

Rapidly placing a large volume of water on the fire to extinguish the bulk of the fire so it can be easily mopped up using a handline.

131
Q

Blitz attack: Where do you position the pumper?

A

Temporarily or permanently position the pumper in a location where the deck gun can reach the bulk of the fire

132
Q

Drafting: Crucial steps

A
  • Use side intake if possible
  • Switch pressure governor to throttle RPM control mode
  • Increase throttle to 1000-1200 rpm
  • Once pressure develops on master pump gage, disengage the primer, and slowly open a discharge
133
Q

Nozzle reaction formula for smooth bore nozzle

A

NR= 1.57 x diameter of nozzle squared x NP

134
Q

Nozzle reaction formula for fog nozzle

A

NR= .0505 x Flow (Q) x Square root of NP

135
Q

It is recommended that the driver/operator connects ___ hydrant gates with ___ Storz couplings in the closed position to the 2 1/2” spuds prior to charging the LDH supply line attached to the steamer.

A

2 ; 4”

136
Q

The following are maximum flows that can be expected from a pumper at draft using the following inlets to the pump: Side intake ___ GPM; Rear intake ___ GPM; Front intake ___ GPM

A

1750; 1500-1750; 900

137
Q

Anytime the incoming pressure exceeds ___ PSI, the pump should be operated in gear

A

50

138
Q

When the pressure governor is set, it is delivering the desired pressure even when the nozzle(s) are ____

A

Closed

139
Q

After a water supply is established, the tank to pump valve should be ____

A

Closed

140
Q

If water supply is lost and tank water is being used again, the driver/operator should notify ___ and ___ that they are running off tank water

A

Interior crews and command

Apparatus Tech material (14 decks)

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