Hydrolics Manual Flashcards
1
Q
What is hydraulics?
A
The study of fluids at rest and in motion
2
Q
One cubic foot contains how many gallons?
A
7.5 gallons
3
Q
One cubic foot of water weighs how much?
A
62.5 lbs
4
Q
One gallon of water weighs how much?
A
8.33 lbs
5
Q
A column of water 1 foot high exerts how much pressure at its base?
A
0.434 PSI
6
Q
50 foot length of 1 3/4 inch hose contains how many gallons?
A
6.24 gallons
7
Q
50 foot length of 1.88 inch hose contains how many gallons?
A
7.2 gallons
8
Q
50 foot length of 2.5 inch hose contains how many gallons?
A
12.74 gallons
9
Q
50 foot length of 3 inch hose contains how many gallons?
A
18.35 gallons
10
Q
100 foot length of 4 inch hose contains how many gallons?
A
65.25 gallons
11
Q
100 foot length of 5 inch hose contains how many gallons?
A
101.94
12
Q
Nozzle pressure for smooth bore handlines is ____ and can be increased to ___ to achieve higher flow?
A
50; 65
13
Q
Nozzle pressure for master streams with smooth bore nozzles is ___ and can be increased to ___ for higher flows?
A
80; 100
14
Q
The Akron Assault nozzles are designed for ___ PSI nozzle pressure and flows ___ gpm with the fog nozzle and ___ gpm with the 15/16 slug.
A
50; 175; 185
15
Q
The nozzle pressure for all fog nozzles is ___ unless otherwise indicated.
A
100 PSI
16
Q
What is the definition of appliance?
A
any nozzle, wye, Siamese, deluge monitor, or any other piece of hardware used in conjunction with fire hose for the purpose of delivering water.
17
Q
What is the definition of centrifugal pumps?
A
Pumps used on modern fire apparatus, which takes advantage of incoming water pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump and travels through one or more impellers.
18
Q
What is the definition of discharge velocity?
A
The rate at which water travels from an orifice and can be measured using a pitot gage.
19
Q
What is the definition of a Siamese?
A
an appliance that combines two or more hose lines into one.
20
Q
What is the definition of a wye?
A
an appliance that breaks one hose into two or more with one female and two male outlets, usually gated.
21
Q
What is the definition of a master stream?
A
Any variety of heavy caliber water stream delivering 350 GPM or more
22
Q
What is the definition of a gutter line?
A
a line run directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper
23
Q
What decimal place should driver/operator round too when calculating numbers?
A
nearest hundredth (two decimal places)
24
Q
What is the formula for determining volume of a rectangular or square container?
A
L’ x W’ x D’ (or average depth) x 7.5 (number of gallons in a cubic foot)
*Average depth equal (shallowest + deepest) /2
25
What is the formula for determining weight of water of a rectangular or square container?
L' x W' x D' x 62.5
26
What is the formula for volume of a cylinder, pipe, or hose in gallons?
pie x radius squared x H' (or L') x 7.5
Pie= 3.14
radius squared= radius or 1/2 diameter in feet
H= average height/ depth in feet
27
What is the formula for smooth bore nozzle discharge?
29.7 x diameter squared x square root of Nozzle Pressure
28
Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1/2" tip?
53
29
Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 7/8" tip?
161
30
Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 15/16" tip?
185
31
Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1" tip?
210
32
Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/8" tip?
266
33
Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4" tip?
328
34
Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1/2" tip?
50
35
Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 7/8" tip?
150
36
Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 15/16" tip?
185
37
Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1" tip?
200
38
Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/8" tip?
250
39
Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4" tip?
325
40
Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4" tip?
415
41
Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/8" tip?
502
42
Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/2" tip?
598
43
Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/4" tip?
814
44
Master Stream Theoretical Calculations: What is GPM for 2" tip?
1062
45
Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/4" tip?
400
46
Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/8" tip?
500
47
Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 1/2" tip?
600
48
Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 1 3/4" tip?
800
49
Master Stream Fire Ground Calculations: What is GPM for 2" tip?
1000
50
The 1" adjustable fog nozzle can be set to deliver what GPM?
12-60
51
The 1 1/2" Akron assault nozzle flows what GPM?
175
52
The 2 1/2" Akron fog nozzle can be set to flow what GPM?
125-250
53
The Akron Quick- Attack Mercury Monitor flows what GPM?
500
54
Master stream fog nozzles can flow between what range of GPM?
150-2000
55
Booster reel lines are usually ___ ft long, 1" rubber line with an adjustable gallonage fog nozzle that can flow between ___ to ___ GPM at ___ psi Nozzle pressure?
150; 12 - 60; 100
56
Forestry hose comes in ___ ft and ___ ft sections. An adjustable fog nozzle can flow between ___ to ___ GPM at ___ psi; Or the ___ GPM red fog nozzle can flow at ___ psi
50 - 100; 12 - 60; 100
| 22; 100
57
The decontamination shower flows ____ GPM at ___ PSI
270; 75
58
The piercing nozzle flows ___ GPM at ____ PSI
125; 100
59
The 2 1/2" distributer nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI
250 ; 100
60
The 1 1/2" distributer nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI
95 ; 50
61
The 2 1/2' cellar nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI
350 ; 100
62
The 1 1/2" cellar nozzle flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI
160 ; 100
63
How many different types on monitors are used in Fairfax County?
Three
64
Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 1 3/8" flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?
500 ; 110
65
Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 1 1/2" flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?
600 ; 110
66
Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 1 3/4" flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?
800 ; 110
67
Fixed monitor smooth bore break away nozzle tip size of 2" flows ___ GPM at ___ PSI?
1000 ; 120
68
Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 90 PSI?
500
69
Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 110 PSI?
750
70
Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 120 PSI?
1000
71
Task force tip automatic nozzle flows ___ GPM at 140 PSI?
1250
72
Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 100 psi?
500
73
Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 110 psi?
750
74
Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 130 psi?
1000
75
Akron Adjustable flow nozzle on a monitor flows ___ GPM at 140 psi?
1250
76
The Akron quick attack mercury monitor is the portable monitor used in Fairfax County. It flows ___ GPM from either the fog nozzle at __ PSI or smooth bore nozzle with 1 3/8 tip at ___ PSI.
500 ; 100 ; 80
77
Maximum inlet pressure for the portable monitor is ___ PSI
150
78
Appliance loss for the mercury monitor is?
10 PSI
79
Combination monitors are fixed to the pumper but can be detached and connected to a ground mount to be used as a portable monitor. Smooth bore nozzle flows ___ - ____ GPM at ___ PSI. Fog nozzle flows ___ - ___ GPM at ___ PSI.
500 - 1000 at 80 ; 350 - 1250 at 100
80
Basic Principals of friction loss: All variable being the same, friction loss will vary directly with the length of hose or pipe. What principal is this?
1st
81
Basic Principals of friction loss: All variables being the same, the friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of flow. If the flow rate is doubled, the friction loss with be four times. What principal is this?
2nd
82
Basic Principals of friction loss: When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased. What principal is this?
3rd
83
Basic Principals of friction loss: For any given velocity, friction loss is independent of pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line, not pressure, cause friction loss. What principal is this?
4th
84
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 1"
150
85
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 1 3/4'
10 (15.5 per IFSTA)
86
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 2"
8
87
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 2 1/2"
2
88
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 3"
0.8
89
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 3 1/2 "
0.34
90
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 4"
0.2
91
Friction loss coefficients in Fairfax County: 5"
0.08
92
Formula for Friction loss?
FL= C x Q squared/100 x L/100
93
Appliance loss: Less than 350 GPM
0
94
Appliance loss: Over 350 GPM
10 psi
95
Appliance loss: Ladder pipes
25 PSI
96
Appliance loss: Master streams (except for mercury monitor)
25 PSI
97
Appliance loss: standpipes
25 PSI
98
Elevation loss theoretical and fire ground
0.434 at base for 1 foot high. 4.34 for 10 feet ; 0.5 per foot or 5 for every 10 feet
99
Elevation loss: If pumping uphill then down hill
Net difference between the two
100
Pump discharge pressure formula
PDP= NP+ TPL
101
Total Pressure loss formula
TPL= FL + AL +/- EL
102
Maximum safe PDP
250 PSi
103
The National Foam JS-10 air aspirating nozzle has a rating of ___ GPM at ___ PSI at the tip
100 ; 100
104
What style foam can the JS-10 be used with and how must it be operated?
Low expansion foam. Either fully open or fully closed.
105
Fairfax county Portable Foam Eductor's flow ___ to ___ GPM with a PDP of ___ PSI at the educator.
95 - 125; 200
106
The Portable foam eductor must be placed ___ feet from the pump panel and within ___ feet of the nozzle?
50 feet ; 200 feet
107
The nozzle should be no more than ___ feet above the eductor
5
108
All Fairfax county engine companies carry a minimum of ___ gallons of foam
40
109
Relay operations: Relays are defined as ____ pumpers that are in line between the water source and the nozzle.
Two or more
110
Relay operations Initally all 4" supply lines should be charged to ___ PSI
50
111
Relay operations: Initially all 3" lines should be charged to ___ PSI
100
112
Relay operations: If a 4" and a 3" are used together initially, they should be charged to ___ PSI
100
113
Relay operations: Pump discharge pressure formula
PDP= RP+TPL
114
Relay operations: Residual Pressure is always ___ when using the formula?
20 PSI
115
Most Fairfax county pumpers are rated at ____ GPM at ___ PSI
1500 ; 150
116
Pump pressure and the flow are inversely proportional. When the pump pressure ___ the flow ___
Increases ; Decreases
117
Coefficients for multiple supply lines: Two 3" lines
0.2
118
Coefficients for multiple supply lines: One 4" and one 3"
0.09
119
Coefficients for multiple supply lines: Two 4"
0.05
120
Percentage Drop Formula
(SP - RP) 100/ SP
121
Percentage drop and additional water: 0-10%
3 time the original amount
122
Percentage drop and additional water: 11 - 15%
2 times the original amount
123
Percentage drop and additional water: 16-25%
1 times the original amount
124
Percentage drop and additional water: greater than 25%
0 times the original amount
125
Standpipe operations: Upon arrival, after securing a water source from a hydrant, one line should be connected to the FDC and charged to ___ PSI
150
126
Once water is flowing in a standpipe, the operator needs to determine and add the following items together to deliver the correct pressure.
- NP
- Friction loss in attack line (including any appliances if flowing over 350 GPM)
- 25 PSI appliance loss for stand pipe
- Friction loss in the supply line from the pumper to standpipe connect
- The height the attack line is above the pumper
127
Sprinkle systems: Starting PDP for sprinkler systems is ___ PSI
150
128
Combination systems: These systems should be considered a standpipe and charged immediately upon arrival on the scene and without orders. The starting pressure for combination systems is ___ PSI
150
129
Elevated master streams: A minimum of 1 LDH or two 3" lines should be used to supply aerial devices. Starting pressure is ___ PSI
150
130
Blitz attack: What is it?
Rapidly placing a large volume of water on the fire to extinguish the bulk of the fire so it can be easily mopped up using a handline.
131
Blitz attack: Where do you position the pumper?
Temporarily or permanently position the pumper in a location where the deck gun can reach the bulk of the fire
132
Drafting: Crucial steps
- Use side intake if possible
- Switch pressure governor to throttle RPM control mode
- Increase throttle to 1000-1200 rpm
- Once pressure develops on master pump gage, disengage the primer, and slowly open a discharge
133
Nozzle reaction formula for smooth bore nozzle
NR= 1.57 x diameter of nozzle squared x NP
134
Nozzle reaction formula for fog nozzle
NR= .0505 x Flow (Q) x Square root of NP
135
It is recommended that the driver/operator connects ___ hydrant gates with ___ Storz couplings in the closed position to the 2 1/2" spuds prior to charging the LDH supply line attached to the steamer.
2 ; 4"
136
The following are maximum flows that can be expected from a pumper at draft using the following inlets to the pump: Side intake ___ GPM; Rear intake ___ GPM; Front intake ___ GPM
1750; 1500-1750; 900
137
Anytime the incoming pressure exceeds ___ PSI, the pump should be operated in gear
50
138
When the pressure governor is set, it is delivering the desired pressure even when the nozzle(s) are ____
Closed
139
After a water supply is established, the tank to pump valve should be ____
Closed
140
If water supply is lost and tank water is being used again, the driver/operator should notify ___ and ___ that they are running off tank water
Interior crews and command
