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A&P Final Exam > hydrocephalus & hematoma > Flashcards

hydrocephalus & hematoma Flashcards

1
Q

meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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2
Q

arachnoid villi

A

reabsorb CSF

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3
Q

resorption rate=

A

production rate

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4
Q

composition of CSF

A

arise from plasma but contains more Na, Cl & H

less Ca & K

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5
Q

functions of CSF

A

mechanical protection
chemical protection
circulation

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6
Q

BBB

A

very selective
allows essentials in
remove wastes

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7
Q

areas that don’t have CSF

A

near respiratory system where CO2 measured

wall of 3rd ventricle where glucose is measured

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8
Q

% of O2 brain uses

A

20%

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9
Q

hypoxic injury

A

deprived of O2 due to decreased blood flow

causes- reduced atmospheric pressure, CO poisoning, failure oxygenating blood

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10
Q

ischemic injury

A

greatly reduced or interrupted blood flow

lack of O2, glucose, & removal of wastes

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11
Q

increase in NA+ leads to

A

interstitial edema

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12
Q

influx in Ca leads to

A

cell death

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13
Q

watershed infarcts

A

toward the surface with major vessels

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14
Q

laminar necrosis

A

deeper in the brain with smaller vessels

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15
Q

how to treat global ischemia

A

hypothermia
restore blood vol
control blood glucose

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16
Q

many neurological disorders are caused by

A

overstimulation of excitatory neurotransmitters

17
Q

NMDA

A

required for higher brain functions

18
Q

non communicating

A

occurs due to obstruction

CSF not reabsorbed by villi

19
Q

how can CSF be obstructed?

A 
congenital malformation (narrowing)
tumor
inflammation
hemorrhage
injury
viral infection
20
Q

congenital hydrocephalus

A

in newborn, fontanels allows increased pressure to expand skull

21
Q

communicating hydrocephalus

A 
no obstruction
due to impaired reabsorption by villi
causes= fewer villi
head injury
adenoma of choroid plexus
22
Q

ICP

A

increased intracranial pressure

happens in acute but not seen in slowly developing

23
Q

parts of a shunt

A

valve, tube, reservoir

24
Q

purpose of shunt

A

redirect CSF to other part of body that can absorb

complications= infections, bleed, over or under drain

25
Q

hematoma

A

epidural
subdural (acute, subacute, chronic)
intracerebral

26
Q

epidural hematoma

A

caused by blow to the head, arterial in origin

27
Q

subdural hematoma

A

between dura and arachnoid
venous in origin
develops slow

28
Q

acute subdural

A

24 hrs

quick, increased ICP

29
Q

subacute

A

2-10 days

significant neurologic defects

30
Q

chronic

A

weeks or months

slow bleed

31
Q

acute intra-cerebral

A

injury
common in older and alcoholics (weak vessels)
bleed in brain tissue

32
Q

treatment for hematoma

A

surgical evacuation of hematoma

33
Q

secondary injury for hematoma

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

edema

34
Q

CPP

A

cerebral perfusion pressure
70-100 mmHg
below 70= ischemia

35
Q

formula to calculate CPP

A

CPP=MAP-ICP

A&P Final Exam (6 decks)

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