Hydro and Aquatic Therapies Flashcards
Specific Heat
capacity to store heat
water is 4x > air
easily adds or sucks heat from substances
Thermal Conductivity
capacity to conduct heat
water is 25-70 x > air
transfers thermal ENRG FAST
Conduction
stationary H2O transfer of heat
Convection
agitation H2O transfer of heat
speeds up transfer of heat - cool a patient in agitating cold water (obese pts heat up slow but stay hot long time)
Buoyancy - Archimedes Principle
body immersed experiences an upward thrust equal to the wt of the displaced fluid
feel weightless
Buoyancy
can be assistive or resistive depending on mvmt
Specific gravity = relative density of obj compared to water (less - float, more - sink)
Rehab Implications WB status
H20 @ C7 = 10% WB
H20 @scapula = 30% WB
H20 @ hip = 50% WB
work on NL gait mechanics
decreasing density relative to water
make salt water (dead sea)
wear air filled vest
Hydrostatic Pressure
water pressure on immersed obj
Pascal Law
fluid exerts = pressure on surface of the immersed obj which inc with increasing depth
higher pressure on most distal extremity an prox
Total Drag Force
depends on shape, size, position, speed of mvmt, fluid density
It = surface drag + profile drag + wave drag
Viscosity
resistance to flow in a liquid - ease of flow
decreases with increasing temperature (warm syrup - very runny!)
How Hot can you go?
104 - dont go higher, esp if agitate
Coldest = 50
Passive Immersion
stationary water; RARE
Active Immersion
passive and active mvmt in agitated water
most common
can have pain relief
contrast (bath) immersion
..rubbery ducky you’re the one…
alternating immersion in cold and hot water
20-30 min
for pain relief and desensitization
very little literature
Therapeutic Advantages
better contact; allows movement; hot or cold
Therapeutic Disadvantages
positioning - if dependent may promote edema
TIME -fill, drain, CLEAN
Cl/ chemical reactions
Cryotherapy
less than body temp ~70 or so
MS patients (?)
VC/ dec metabolic rate/ spasticity tx to settle
Thermaltherapy
VD/ relax - feels good
Wound
rare bc cross contamination
helps to remove debris and soften necrotic tissue
CV Effects
hydrostatic pressure increases venous return
HR may not be indication of intensity bc increased SV due to venous return
blunted response to exercise
RPE good indicator
Respiratory Effects
hydrostatic pressure on chest wall makes breathing tougher
inc work of breathing
less likely to induce exercise asthma
Pain Control
gate control theory (inc sensory stimuli)
dec WB and ease of movement
psychological - feel better in the water
Edema Control
reduces periph edema asociated with venous or lymphatic insufficiency, renal dysfunction, and post-op inflammation
hydrostatic pressure and cooling effects of water
Psychological Effects
invigorating - facilitate participation in less active pts
Relaxing - calm the overstimulated
Depends on water temp and activity
Musculoskeletal
Unloads WB to exercise with less pain and force
resistance - velocity dependent; resistive and assistive
START SLOWLY*** Easy to over treat in the pool if feeling great but remember exercising for 1st time dont want to over do it (even if just 10 minutes)
