Hydro and Aquatic Therapies

Question 1

Specific Heat

Answer 1

capacity to store heat
water is 4x > air
easily adds or sucks heat from substances

Question 2

Thermal Conductivity

Answer 2

capacity to conduct heat
water is 25-70 x > air
transfers thermal ENRG FAST

Question 3

Conduction

Answer 3

stationary H2O transfer of heat

Question 4

Convection

Answer 4

agitation H2O transfer of heat

speeds up transfer of heat - cool a patient in agitating cold water (obese pts heat up slow but stay hot long time)

Question 5

Buoyancy - Archimedes Principle

Answer 5

body immersed experiences an upward thrust equal to the wt of the displaced fluid
feel weightless

Question 6

Buoyancy

Answer 6

can be assistive or resistive depending on mvmt

Specific gravity = relative density of obj compared to water (less - float, more - sink)

Question 7

Rehab Implications WB status

Answer 7

H20 @ C7 = 10% WB
H20 @scapula = 30% WB
H20 @ hip = 50% WB
work on NL gait mechanics

Question 8

decreasing density relative to water

Answer 8

make salt water (dead sea)

wear air filled vest

Question 9

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 9

water pressure on immersed obj

Question 10

Pascal Law

Answer 10

fluid exerts = pressure on surface of the immersed obj which inc with increasing depth
higher pressure on most distal extremity an prox

Question 11

Total Drag Force

Answer 11

depends on shape, size, position, speed of mvmt, fluid density
It = surface drag + profile drag + wave drag

Question 12

Viscosity

Answer 12

resistance to flow in a liquid - ease of flow

decreases with increasing temperature (warm syrup - very runny!)

Question 13

How Hot can you go?

Answer 13

104 - dont go higher, esp if agitate

Coldest = 50

Question 14

Passive Immersion

Answer 14

stationary water; RARE

Question 15

Active Immersion

Answer 15

passive and active mvmt in agitated water
most common
can have pain relief

Question 16

contrast (bath) immersion

..rubbery ducky you’re the one…

Answer 16

alternating immersion in cold and hot water
20-30 min
for pain relief and desensitization
very little literature

Question 17

Therapeutic Advantages

Answer 17

better contact; allows movement; hot or cold

Question 18

Therapeutic Disadvantages

Answer 18

positioning - if dependent may promote edema
TIME -fill, drain, CLEAN
Cl/ chemical reactions

Question 19

Cryotherapy

Answer 19

less than body temp ~70 or so
MS patients (?)
VC/ dec metabolic rate/ spasticity tx to settle

Question 20

Thermaltherapy

Answer 20

VD/ relax - feels good

Question 21

Wound

Answer 21

rare bc cross contamination

helps to remove debris and soften necrotic tissue

Question 22

CV Effects

Answer 22

hydrostatic pressure increases venous return
HR may not be indication of intensity bc increased SV due to venous return
blunted response to exercise
RPE good indicator

Question 23

Respiratory Effects

Answer 23

hydrostatic pressure on chest wall makes breathing tougher
inc work of breathing
less likely to induce exercise asthma

Question 24

Pain Control

Answer 24

gate control theory (inc sensory stimuli)
dec WB and ease of movement
psychological - feel better in the water

Question 25

Edema Control

Answer 25

reduces periph edema asociated with venous or lymphatic insufficiency, renal dysfunction, and post-op inflammation
hydrostatic pressure and cooling effects of water

Question 26

Psychological Effects

Answer 26

invigorating - facilitate participation in less active pts
Relaxing - calm the overstimulated
Depends on water temp and activity

Question 27

Musculoskeletal

Answer 27

Unloads WB to exercise with less pain and force
resistance - velocity dependent; resistive and assistive
START SLOWLY*** Easy to over treat in the pool if feeling great but remember exercising for 1st time dont want to over do it (even if just 10 minutes)