Hyaline Membrane Disease Flashcards
What is another name for hyaline membrane disease?
- respiratory distress syndrome
What is the patient age group that hyaline membrane disease almost exclusivly effects?
- premature infants
What is the relationship between gestational age and incidence/severity of hyaline membrane disease?
- inversely related
i. e. younger kids are worse
What is the epidemiology of hyaline membrane disease?
- preterm infant
What are the risk factors of hyaline membrane disease?
- siblings with RDS
- diabetic mother
- c-section
- multiple pregnancies
- rapid labor
- delivery complications with decreased blood flow to baby
What is the pathophysiology of hyaline membrane disease?
- surfactant deficiency
What is the function of surfactant?
- decreases surface tension in alveoli to remain partially expanded.
What occurs in the absence of surfactant?
- poor lung compliance
- atelectasis
- infant must expend a lot of energy to expand the lung
What are the symptoms of hyaline membrane disease?
- onset w/in minutes of birth or may not be seen for several hrs
- tachypnea, apnea, hypopnea
- cyanosis
- decreased urine output
- SOB & grunting
- nasal flaring
- drawing back chest muscles
What will be seen on CXR in hyaline membrane disease?
- atelectasis
- ground glass appearance
- air bronchograms
- low lung volumes
What diagnostic tests should be ordered for hyaline membrane disease?
- CXR
- CBC
- blood gas
- Echo
What is the treatment for hyaline membrane disease?
- humidified O2
- nasal CPAP
- early intubation prn
- artificial surfactant replacement therapy
What can be given to the mother prior to delivery of a fetus with hyaline membrane disease?
- steroids
Describe the dosing schedule for Rescue Surfactant
- 1st dose ASAP after birth (less effective as dz progresses)
2nd dose given to infants on ventilation and more than 30-40% FIO2
How can hyaline membrane disease be prevented?
- prevent premature births
- avoid poorly timed & unnecessary C-sections
- halt labor until lungs mature
- steroids prior to delivery
