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🧠📖💯 > HY PrEx > Flashcards

HY PrEx Flashcards

1
Q

Innervates the rhomboids

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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2
Q

Innervates the serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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3
Q

Innervates the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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4
Q

Innervates the supinator

A

Radial nerve

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5
Q

Innervates the pronator teres

A

Median nerve

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6
Q

This portion of the median nerve usually remains spared in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Palmar cutaneous nerve

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7
Q

Anterior interosseous syndrome vs Posterior interosseous syndrome

A

AIN
Median nerve
Weakness of flexor pollicis longus, MC
No weakness of thenar muscles

PIN
Radial nerve
Finger drop -> incomplete wrist drop

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8
Q

Nerves of the lateral cord

A

Musculocutaneous

*Lateral pectoral nerve

LML

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9
Q

Nerves of the posterior cord

A

Axillary Nerve
Radial Nerve

*Thoracodorsal

PARt

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10
Q

Innervation of

A) Supination
B) Pronation

A

A) Supination - RADIAL

B) Pronation - MEDIAN

SRAPM

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11
Q

Innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

Superficial - MEDIAN

Deep - ULNAR

SM DU

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12
Q

Thenar muscles innervated by the MEDIAN nerve

A

Lumbricals 1 and 2
Opponens Pollicis Brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis, SUPERFICIAL

LOAF

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13
Q

Tomaculas on histology are seen in?

A

HNPP

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14
Q

Most common type of hereditary neuropathy?

A

CMT1A

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15
Q

“Triad” of Kearns-Sayre

A

Progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Pigmentary retinopathy
Cardiomyopathy w/ conduction block

*Onset before 20

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16
Q

Leukoencephalopathy
Rosenthal fibers

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Alexander disease

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17
Q

GFAP gene

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Alexander disease

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18
Q

Arysulfatase A deficiency

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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19
Q

Pendular nystagmus
Genetic abnormality?

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher

PLP1

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20
Q

X-linked?

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

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21
Q

ABCD1 gene

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

22
Q

Sparing of the U fibers

a) Alexander disease
b) Krabbe disease
c) Metachromatic leukodystrophy
d) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
e) Adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

23
Q

What are

A) Wernicke

and

B) Korsakoff

syndromes?

A 
WERNICKE (NOAC)
Nystagmus
Ocular palsies (abducens, conjugate gaze)
Ataxia of gait
Confusion

KORSAKOFF
Retentive memory impaired (out of proportion to other cognitive functions0

Both 2/2 THIAMINE deficiency

[Adams]

24
Q

Match

Transcortical motor aphasia
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Wernicke aphasia
Broca aphasia

A) Left Temporoparietooccipital junction
B) Left SMA
C) Left Inferior frontal
D) Left superior temporal, posterior

A

A) Left Temporoparietooccipital junction
Transcortical sensory aphasia

B) Left SMA
Transcortical motor aphasia

C) Left Inferior frontal
Broca aphasia

D) Left superior temporal, posterior
Wernicke aphasia

25
Q

EMG-NCV findings of inherited vs. acquired polyneuropathies?

A

Inherited
UNIFORMLY SLOW

Acquired
CONDUCTION BLOCKS
TEMPORAL DISPERSION

26
Q

ABCD1 mutation?

ABCA1 mutation?

A

ABCD1
X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy

ABCA1
Tangier Disease

27
Q

Palsies:

Erb vs. Klumpke

A

ERB
Upper trunk (C5, C6)
Waiter’s tip

KLUMPKE
Lower trunk (C8, T1)
Claw hand

28
Q

EMG findings of radiation-induced neuropathy

A

Myokimia

29
Q

Aphasia localization

Broca
Wernicke
Conduction

A

BROCA
Inferior Frontal

WERNICKE
Superior Temporal, posterior

CONDUCTION
Arcuate Fasciculus
Insula

30
Q

Aphasia localization

Global
Transcortical motor
Transcortical sensory
Anomic

A

GLOBAL
Perisylvian

TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR
Supplementary Motor Cortex

TRANSCORTICAL SENSORY
Inferior Temporal Lobe

ANOMIC
Inferior Parietal Lobe
Anterior Temporal

31
Q

Core of the amnesic disorder in Korsakoff Syndrome? (Adams)

A

Anterograde and Retrograde amnesia

32
Q

Which thalamic nucleus is implicated in the Korsakoff amnesic state?

A

Mediodorsal Nucleus

33
Q

Where are the acute lesions in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome usually found?

A
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Thalamus, hypothalamus’ periventricular regions
  • Periaqueductal region of the midbrain
  • Floor of the fourth ventricle
  • Superior cerebellar vermis

My THalamus Prays For Some (Thiamine)

34
Q

Which deficit in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome remains more or less permanent despite treatment?

A

Memory disorder

*once established, recovery in only 20% of pts

35
Q

Composition of the CHADSVASC score

A 
CHF = 1
Hypertension = 1
Age
64 below = 0
65 - 74 = 1
75 above = 2
DM = 1
Sex = 1
Stroke/TIA/TE =2
Vascular = 1
36
Q

Name the syndrome:

  • uricemia
  • spasticity, choreoathetosis, tremor
  • self-mutilation (mainly lips)
  • gouty tophi, nephropathy

Genetic transmission

A

Lesch-Nyhan

X-linked

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mitochondrial disorder?

a. Kearns-Sayre
b. Lesch-Nyhan
c. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
d. Pearson Syndrome

A

b. Lesch-Nyhan

38
Q

Which trinucleotide repeat disease is x-linked?

A

Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy (Kennedy’s)

CAG

39
Q

Which MPS is x-linked?

A

MPS II - Hunter

Hunter X Hunter

40
Q

Which Glycolipidosis is X-linked?

a) Fabry’s
b) Niemann-Pick
c) Krabbe
d) Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

A

a) Fabry’s

41
Q

Which Urea Cycle Disorder is X-linked?

a) Citrullinemia
b) Argininemia
c) Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
d) N-Acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency

A

c) Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT X-linked?

a) Menke’s Disease
b) Bassen-Kornzweig Disease
c) Kallman’s Disease
d) Aicardi Syndrome
e) Rett Syndrome

A

b) Bassen-Kornzweig Disease

43
Q

Which Leukodystrophy is X-linked?

a) Alexander disease
b) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher
c) Adreno Leukodystrophy
d) Canavan Disease
e) A & C
f) B & C
g) C & D

A

f) B & C

44
Q

Name the genes involved in the ff leukodystrophies

Alexander Disease
Pelizaeus Merzbacher
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Krabbe
A

Alexander Disease - GFAP

Pelizaeus Merzbacher - PLP

Adrenoleukodystrophy - ABCD1

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy - ARSA

Krabbe - Galactocerebrosidase

45
Q

Most common tumor of the pineal region? (Mayo)

A

Germinoma

46
Q

Hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia with extrapyramidal and brainstem signs.

Often seen in pts w/ Portugese-Azorean descent

A

Machado-Joseph-Azorean Disease

SCA3, ATXN3

47
Q

How does SCA3 differ from MSA-C?

A

SCA3 - Machado-Joseph:

Earlier onset
Prominence of dystonia, amyoptrophy, ophthalmoplegia

48
Q

[Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes]

Episodic Apnea

A

Choline acetyltransferase deficiency

49
Q

[Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes]

Repetitive CMAP
No response to Pyridostigmine

A

End-plate AChE deficiency

50
Q

[Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes]

Joint contractures, weakness precipitated by infection

A

Rapsyn deficiency

51
Q

[Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes]

Repetitive CMAP
Cervical, wrist, digit extensor weakness
Responds to quinine, quinidine, fluoxetine

A

Slow channel

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