Basics - Neurophysio

Question 1

The black widow spider is an agonist for what neurotransmitter?

Via which toxin?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

a-Latrotoxin

*Massive Ach release

Question 2

Vesicle transport protein:

Mediates DOCKING of synaptic vesicles within the presynaptic membrane.

Targeted by?

Answer 2

SNARE

Botulism
Tetanus

Question 3

Vesicle transport protein:

Mediates FUSION of synaptic vesicles within the presynaptic membrane.

Targeted by?

Answer 3

SNAP-25

Clinically-induced botulism

Question 4

PP of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome

Answer 4

Blocks PREsynaptic CALCIUM channels

Question 5

Organophosphates, Nerve gas are IRREVERSIBLE _______

Answer 5

Anticholinesterases

Question 6

____ is transported to catecholamine-secreting neurons in which it is
converted into DA, NE, and epinephrine

Answer 6

Tyrosine

Question 7

Which dopamine receptors are

a) Excitatory
b) Inhibitory

Answer 7

Excitatory: D1, D5

Inhibitory: D2, D3, D4

Question 8

Which illicit substances

a) increase release
b) decrease reuptake

of NE?

Answer 8

a) Inc NE release: Amphetamine

b) Dec NE reuptake: Cocaine

Question 9

Where does epinephrine synthesis occur?

Answer 9

Adrenal Medulla

Question 10

Greatest concentration of 5-HT is in?

Answer 10

Enterochromaffin cells, GI tract

Question 11

Sumatriptan works on which 5-HT receptor?

Answer 11

5-HT 1B/D

Question 12

Which NT is responsible for EPSP?

Answer 12

Glutamate, AMPA

Question 13

Which NT is responsible for IPSP?

Answer 13

GABA

Question 14

Which channels do the following activate?

NMDA receptor:
AMPA receptor:

Answer 14

NMDA -> CALCIUM Ch

AMPA -> SODIUM Ch

Question 15

3 glutamate receptors

Answer 15

AMPA
NMDA
Kainate (Highest)

Question 16

Strychnine is an antagonist of which NT?

Answer 16

Glycine

Question 17

Toxins that are SODIUM channel inhibitors (2)

Answer 17

Tetrodotoxin (puffer fish)

Saxitoxin (dinoflagellate, shellfish)

Question 18

Which channels do the following affect?

HyperKPP:
HypoKPP:

Answer 18

HyperKPP: Na

HypoKPP: Ca, K

Question 19

Location of Dopamine Receptors

G proteins

Answer 19

D1-D2: Striatum
D3: N. accumbens
D4: Frontal cortex
D5: Hippocampus

D1, D5: Gs (stimulatory -> INC CAMP)

D2, D3, D4: Gi (inhibitory -> DEC CAMP)

Question 20

What peptide, released by the ovary and testis, is able to suppress FSH?

Answer 20

Inhibin

Question 21

Hormones released by the hypothalamus mainly stimulate the release of pituitary hormones. Which hormone INHIBITS the release of a pituitary hormone?

Answer 21

Dopamine

Inhibits release of prolactin

Question 22

Which two aminopeptides are released by the Neurohypophysis?

Answer 22

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

Question 23

The usual cause of diabetes insipidus is a lack of ___

Answer 23

Vasopressin secretion

Question 24

What anticonvulsant can possibly cause reversible DI?

Answer 24

Carbamazepine

Question 25

How do you diagnose DI?

Answer 25

Inject vasopressin (5u SQ) UO should be diminished -> inc urine osmolality IF CENTRAL CAUSE (and not nephrogenic)

Question 26

What is the normal osmolality? | What is the osmotic threshold? (whereby prompting release of ADH)

Answer 26

Normal: 282 mmol/kg Threshold: 287 mmol/kg

Question 27

DI vs SIADH? Urine findings

Answer 27

DI: Low urine osmolality & high serum osmolality SIADH: High urine osmolality, dilutional hyponatremia

Question 28

Which oligopeptide is implicated in the pathogenesis of Cerebral Salt Wasting?

Answer 28

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)