Basics - Neurophysio Flashcards

1
Q

The black widow spider is an agonist for what neurotransmitter?

Via which toxin?

A

Acetylcholine

a-Latrotoxin

*Massive Ach release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vesicle transport protein:

Mediates DOCKING of synaptic vesicles within the presynaptic membrane.

Targeted by?

A

SNARE

Botulism
Tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vesicle transport protein:

Mediates FUSION of synaptic vesicles within the presynaptic membrane.

Targeted by?

A

SNAP-25

Clinically-induced botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PP of Lambert-Eaton Syndrome

A

Blocks PREsynaptic CALCIUM channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organophosphates, Nerve gas are IRREVERSIBLE _______

A

Anticholinesterases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ is transported to catecholamine-secreting neurons in which it is
converted into DA, NE, and epinephrine

A

Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which dopamine receptors are

a) Excitatory
b) Inhibitory

A

Excitatory: D1, D5

Inhibitory: D2, D3, D4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which illicit substances

a) increase release
b) decrease reuptake

of NE?

A

a) Inc NE release: Amphetamine

b) Dec NE reuptake: Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does epinephrine synthesis occur?

A

Adrenal Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Greatest concentration of 5-HT is in?

A

Enterochromaffin cells, GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sumatriptan works on which 5-HT receptor?

A

5-HT 1B/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which NT is responsible for EPSP?

A

Glutamate, AMPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which NT is responsible for IPSP?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which channels do the following activate?

NMDA receptor:
AMPA receptor:

A

NMDA -> CALCIUM Ch

AMPA -> SODIUM Ch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 glutamate receptors

A

AMPA
NMDA
Kainate (Highest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Strychnine is an antagonist of which NT?

A

Glycine

17
Q

Toxins that are SODIUM channel inhibitors (2)

A

Tetrodotoxin (puffer fish)

Saxitoxin (dinoflagellate, shellfish)

18
Q

Which channels do the following affect?

HyperKPP:
HypoKPP:

A

HyperKPP: Na

HypoKPP: Ca, K

19
Q

Location of Dopamine Receptors

G proteins

A

D1-D2: Striatum
D3: N. accumbens
D4: Frontal cortex
D5: Hippocampus

D1, D5: Gs (stimulatory -> INC CAMP)

D2, D3, D4: Gi (inhibitory -> DEC CAMP)

20
Q

What peptide, released by the ovary and testis, is able to suppress FSH?

A

Inhibin

21
Q

Hormones released by the hypothalamus mainly stimulate the release of pituitary hormones. Which hormone INHIBITS the release of a pituitary hormone?

A

Dopamine

Inhibits release of prolactin

22
Q

Which two aminopeptides are released by the Neurohypophysis?

A

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

23
Q

The usual cause of diabetes insipidus is a lack of ___

A

Vasopressin secretion

24
Q

What anticonvulsant can possibly cause reversible DI?

A

Carbamazepine

25
Q

How do you diagnose DI?

A

Inject vasopressin (5u SQ)

UO should be diminished -> inc urine osmolality IF CENTRAL CAUSE (and not nephrogenic)

26
Q

What is the normal osmolality?

What is the osmotic threshold? (whereby prompting release of ADH)

A

Normal: 282 mmol/kg

Threshold: 287 mmol/kg

27
Q

DI vs SIADH? Urine findings

A

DI: Low urine osmolality & high serum osmolality

SIADH: High urine osmolality, dilutional hyponatremia

28
Q

Which oligopeptide is implicated in the pathogenesis of Cerebral Salt Wasting?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)