HVII - Consolidation

Question 1

What was Henry VII’s claim to the throne?

Answer 1

• He had a weak claim through the Beaufort line on his Mother’s side - This line was at first illegitimate - However, after the death of Henry VI in 1471, Henry Tudor was the head of the Lancastrians

Question 2

What was the Wars of the Roses?

Answer 2

• Wars between the House of Lancaster and the House of York - Began in 1455 - Subjected England to a violent civil war, with many changes of monarch

Question 3

Why was Richard III disliked in England?

Answer 3

• He was seen as the cause for the disappearance of the princes - Was not the rightful heir to the throne

Question 4

Who was King in England at this time? Why was he King?

Answer 4

• Richard III - He was king after he promised to look after the throne for Edward IV’s two young sons - The sons mysteriously disappeared

Question 5

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 5

• 22nd August 1485

Question 6

What did Henry do on the day before the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 6

• He declared himself as King of England

Question 7

Why was Henry declaring himself King significant?

Answer 7

• It meant that when he was successful in battle, he could declare all of Richard III’s supporters as traitors. - This gave him the power to remove power from the powerful nobles who may be a threat to his reign. - This also allowed him to reward his own supporters, potentially giving them titles to allow him to have supporters in power quickly.

Question 8

What were Henry’s reasons for winning the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 8

• 1,800 experienced French mercenaries - Gained support from Earl of Oxford and Welsh Nobles - Promised to marry Elizabeth of York - uniting Houses - Tactics centred around his protection - Charles VII gave 60,000 francs

Question 9

What were Richard’s reasons for losing the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 9

• Lacked loyalty - couldn’t trust his captains - Lord Stanley defected to Tudor’s side during the battle - Earl of Norfolk was killed - Poor tactics

Question 10

When did Henry declare the Battle of Bosworth had happened? Why did he do this?

Answer 10

• He declared the battle had happened on the 21st, not the 22nd of August - This is so he could declare Richard and the Yorkists traitors to his Kingship

Question 11

Who proclaimed that Henry was King?

Answer 11

• Henry was proclaimed King by Lord Stanley. - There were processions and celebrations after this happened.

Question 12

How did Henry reward his loyal servants?

Answer 12

• Henry knighted 11 men on Bosworth Field. - Others were given rewards later in the year

Question 13

When was Henry VII’s coronation?

Answer 13

• October 30th

Question 14

What did Henry do in terms of his coronation and parliament?

Answer 14

• He had his coronation before his first Parliament, so that he could claim that his claim to the throne was based on hereditary right rather than because Parliament had sanctioned it

Question 15

Who did Henry marry? Why was this significant?

Answer 15

• Henry married Elizabeth of York in 1486 - In January, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth as a way of gaining support for his campaign to the English throne. - This united the two houses together, essentially ending the War of the Roses.

Question 16

Who was Elizabeth of York?

Answer 16

• Daughter of Edward IV. - This made Henry’s claim to the throne more legitimate

Question 17

Who was born in 1486? Why were they significant?

Answer 17

• Henry’s first son Arthur was born in 1486. - This confirmed that Henry had a succession to the throne and therefore made him more secure as a leader.

Question 18

What 4 types of propaganda did Henry VII introduce?

Answer 18

• Tudor Rose - a unification of two family’s rivalry, - Coinage - coins presented to foreign visitors with Henry on - Buildings - cathedrals & architecture built with his family image - Beaufort Portcullis - further propaganda of his mother

Question 19

What was the Act of Resumption?

Answer 19

• Passed in 1486 - Restoration of all land from Wars of Roses since 1455, into Henry’s possession?

Question 20

How did Henry effectively use parliament in 1485?

Answer 20

• Declaration of the king’s title - created a proof that his claim was illegitimate and was king also through the grace of God - Acts of Attainder - he reversed some placed against his men and placed many against Yorkists who had fought him - Created new Tunnage and Poundage - this increased his profits from imports and exports. - He had the house of Lords and the noblemen swear an Oath of Loyalty.

Question 21

What evidence is there to suggest that Henry VII’s consolidation wasn’t completely successful.

Answer 21

• He faced rebellions early into his reigns such as the Lovell-Stafford rebellion and the Lambert Simnel rebellion. Both of these were with the intention to replace Henry as King. - Henry had imprisoned Edward Earl of Warwick, however, he had a much stronger claim than Henry. - Richard III had named Richard de la Pole as successor; this undermined Henry’s claim to the throne.