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Year 13 Mocks - Tudors > Henry VII - Threats and Rebellions > Flashcards

Henry VII - Threats and Rebellions Flashcards

1
Q

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A

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2
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A
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3
Q

What was the date of the Yorkshire Rebellion?

A

1489

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4
Q

What was the size of subsidy asked for before Yorkshire rebellion?

A

£100,000 to be gained through tax

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5
Q

Why did they refuse to pay in Yorkshire?

A

French invasion would come from the South

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6
Q

What was the Yorkshire rebellion motivated by?

A

Yorkist sympathies (unsurprising as early in reign)

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7
Q

What happened to earl of Northumberland?

A

Put the case of the Yorkshire people before the king King refused Killed for returning with nothing

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8
Q

What did Henry do in responde to Northumberlands murder?

A

Sends an army of 8000 men led by Earl of Surrey which puts down the rebellion

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9
Q

What are the positive outcomes of Yorkshire rebellion?

A

Earl of Surrey made lieutenant of the north (patronage) Still able to take loan and go to war

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10
Q

What are the negative outcomes of Yorkshire rebellion?

A

Only £30,000 of £100,000 collected Image to Europe that England is not united Lack of authority remembered and same problem with Cornish rebellion

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11
Q

When was the Cornish rebellion?

A

1497

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12
Q

Why did the Cornish refuse tax?

A

Campaign against Scotland No geographical threat to them

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13
Q

How large was the Cornish rebellion?

A

15000 marched into Devon and gained support and supplies

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14
Q

How far did the Cornish rebels get? (how threatening)

A

Guilford- moved Henry to tower of London

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15
Q

How were the Cornish rebels put down?

A

Recalls 8000 men that were headed to Scotland Battle of Blackheath - 25000 against the rebels

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16
Q

What are the negative outcomes of Cornish rebellion?

A

Becomes more paranoid- rebellion late in reign Had to change foreign policy in Scotland as recalls troops Little support from nobles

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17
Q

When was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

A

1486

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18
Q

What did lovell and Staffords aim to do?

A

Overthrow the king

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19
Q

How popular was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

A

Gained support even in Worcester where there was mass support for Henry

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20
Q

How did Lovell and Stafford have foreign support?

A

Lovell fled to Margaret of York in Flanders.

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21
Q

How did Henry keep control over the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

A

Monitored every step with spy network

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22
Q

How did Henry stop the Worcester rising?

A

May 1486 - Henry was in York on a nationwide tour of the country. As soon as he advanced towards Worcester in order to eliminate Yorkist support, the Stafford brothers fled to sanctuary

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23
Q

What was the problem with the capture of Staffords?

A

Broke sanctuary - issues with pope innocent viii but they were quickly resolved

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24
Q

What are the positive outcome of Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

A

Suspended laws of sanctuary in cases of treason- helped later with Warbeck

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25
Q

What did Henry do with the Stafford brothers and why?

A

Older Stafford (Humphrey) executed, younger brother (Thomas) spared. An example for potential rebels but also shows he isn’t threatened

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26
Q

When was the Simnel rebellion?

A

1487

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27
Q

Who did Simnel pretend to be?

A

First Richard of York (younger prince in tower), then Earl of Warwick (older prince in tower).

28
Q

Who was Simnel’s teacher?

A

Richard Symonds (priest from Oxford). Simnel was only 10 years old

29
Q

What foreign support and recognition did Simnel have?

A

Crowned Edward VI by Earl of Kildare in Ireland (May) Gained support from Margaret of Burgundy who gave him 2000 German merchants (led by Schwarz, talented military leader) Foreign support led to domestic support

30
Q

Who supported simnel?

A

Earl of Lincoln fled t Flanders in May - betrayal from senior noble = weakness. Made him harsher and more mistrusting with nobles

31
Q

Why did Lincoln not gain support?

A

People did not want another civil war

32
Q

When was the Battle of Stoke?

A

June 16th 1487

33
Q

How many were in the battle of Stoke? Who had the upper hand?

A

12000 English against 8000 of lincolns In the initial stages Lincoln’s force held the upper hand (Germans were good soldiers)

34
Q

How many people were killed in Battle of Stoke?

A

Lincoln, Schwarz and Thomas Geraldine (leader of the Irish) were killed. Over half of Lincoln’s force was killed.

35
Q

What were the punishments for Symonds and Simnel?

A

Symonds- life in bishops prison Simnel- pardoned earned position in the king’s kitchen. Henry recognised that he was not the cause of the invasion but a mere pawn

36
Q

What were the positive outcomes of the Simnel rebellion?

A

Showed strength and that simnel was no threat to him by pardoning him Pardoned many nobles to keep loyal and 28 attained (increasing wealth and dettering others from rebelling)

37
Q

What were the negative outcomes of Simnel rebellion?

A

Foreign support Simnel was believed even after the real Warwick was paraded through London

38
Q

When was the Warbeck rebellion?

A

1491-1499

39
Q

Who did Warbeck pretend to be?

A

Richard, Duke of York

40
Q

Why was pretending to be Richard a problem for Henry?

A

Younger prince in tower, likely dead therefore cannot show the real one.

41
Q

What foreign support did Warbeck have?

A

Charles VIII in Paris 1492 (around 100 Yorkist supporters gathered there to see him), Margaret of Burgundy in Flanders (took Warbeck as her nephew Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian (recognised Warbeck as Richard IV of England then James IV

42
Q

What were Henry’s advantages against Warbeck?

A

Maximilian wasn’t as influential in real life as he was on paper Charles VIII of France lost interest in Warbeck and directed his attention and finance towards north Italy, which he invaded in 1494. Henry’s spy network across Europe let him know that Warbeck’s support was falling

43
Q

How did Henry get Warbeck to leave France?

A

Treaty of etaples 1492- used spy network to inform him that Charles would sign the treaty as France is more concerned with North Italy

44
Q

How did Henry remove Warbeck from Burgundy?

A

3 year trade ban put pressure on Margaret of burgundy to sign the magnus intercursus (cloth trade was important to england and flanders: showed how seriously Henry took this threat)

45
Q

When was the Magnus Intercursus?

A

1496

46
Q

What were the negatives of the embargo?

A

Profitable trade industry :- trade ban destructive for English too Prioritised securing Tudor dynasty over trade and economic health of england= poverty, resentment and more rebellions- link to Cornish

47
Q

What was the Sir Robert Clifford Betrayal?

A

Pretended to plot for Warbeck but secretly gave info to Henry. Clifford was pardoned and rewarded

48
Q

How did Henry reduce English support for Warbeck?

A

-passed a number of acts of attainder in 1495 -Sir William Stanley (Chamberlain - one of the most trusted of positions in the king’s court) had an act of attainder passed against him and was executed -Lord Fitzwalter (Henry’s steward) was also executed

49
Q

How did Warbeck highlight the threat from the nobility?

A

Low internal threat as spy network knew who supported him etc Except did not predict Stanley and Fitzwalter’s betrayal immediately

50
Q

What did Warbeck receive in Ireland?

A

July 1495 - Warbeck laid siege to Waterford (a town loyal to Henry) but was unsuccessful. Set off for Scotland after

51
Q

How was Warbeck being welcomed into Scotland a threat?

A

1495 James IV gave Warbeck financial aid, (£1200 a year) allowing him to invade England (popular rebellions did not have this) Married Lady Catherine Gorden (cousin to James IV) therefore more legitimate

52
Q

What happened in Warbeck’s invasion with Scotland?

A

Using his pension to finance it, Warbeck attempted an invasion of England. It was a disaster as no one south of the border was willing to support him.

53
Q

What was the aftermath of the Warbeck invasion with Scotland?

A

In August 1497 he was persuaded to give himself up. Henry allowed Warbeck to remain at court where he could be watched. Perkin tried to run away and was put in the stocks, humiliated and sent to the Tower. Tried to escape a second time Was hanged on November 23rd 1499.

54
Q

How did Henry get Warbeck out of Scotland?

A

1497: Truce of Ayton - cannot harbour rebels Henry offered his eldest daughter’s hand in marriage to James, which James believed had far more advantages to Scotland than Warbeck could ever offer.

55
Q

What are the positives of the Warbeck invasion?

A

Never gained support in Ireland Attempted to join Cornish rebellion and failed Foreign policy stopped him from gaining support in one place

56
Q

How was Edmund de la Pole different from other pretenders?

A

Showed outward conformity

57
Q

Who was Edmund de la Pole?

A

Earl of Suffolk Brother of the Earl of Lincoln who had been killed in the attempted Simnel Rebellion

58
Q

What was Edmund’s first attempt at a rebellion?

A

July 1499 - Suffolk suddenly disappeared only to reappear at Guisnes near Calais. Henry feared that he would lead a foreign-backed invasion. Suffolk was persuaded by Henry to return to England and he remained outwardly loyal until 1501.

59
Q

Why did Edmund rebel?

A

had been angered by Henry’s refusal to elevate him to a dukedom as his father had held.

60
Q

What was Edmund’s second attempt at a rebellion?

A

In 1501, Suffolk, along with his brother Richard, fled to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian.

61
Q

Why was Edmund de la Pole gaining support from Maximilian not a major threat?

A

Maximilian could not enforce his authority across his entire empire.

62
Q

What did Henry’s spies find about Edmund de la Pole?

A

There was a fully planned campaign to replace him as king

63
Q

How was Edmund de la Pole captured?

A

1506 - Philip and Joana of Burgundy had to take refuge in the port of Weymouth as a result of a storm. Henry offered the Treaty of Windsor, Philip agreed as long as their lives would be spared Suffolk imprisoned but not executed (executed under Henry VIII)

64
Q

What did Henry do with the nobility to prevent Edmund de la Pole rebellion?

A

Arrested all of suffolks relations and attained 51 men in Jan 1504 (largest number in one single action in Henry’s reign)

65
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Windsor?

A
  • the Intercursus Malus (restored trade relations between England and Burgundy) - the return of the Earl of Suffolk - a proposed marriage alliance for Henry VII and Philip’s sister, Archduchess Margaret - Henry’s recognition of Joanna and Philip as rulers of Castile
66
Q

Why was Philip of Burgundy important?

A

Burgundy was part of the HRE and so he was seen as a senior figure within the imperial hierarchy

67
Q

Why was Suffolk/ Edmund de la pole such a problem?

A

Throne was insecure after death of Arthur (eldest son, 1502), Edmund (youngest son, 1500) and Elizabeth of York (wife, 1503) fear of foreign backed invasion played on his conscience

Year 13 Mocks - Tudors (17 decks)

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