Human Transport System Flashcards
What are platelets function?
It plays a important part in clotting blood. When damaged, it releases the enzyme thrombokinase
Red blood cells adaptation?
it has a circular biconcave disc (increase cell surface area to volume ratio, allowing it to absorb oxygen faster)
Does not possess a nucleus (free up space for more haemoglobin)
elastic and can turn bell shaped (squeeze through blood vessels smaller than itself)
what are lymphocytes?
white blood cells which which are nearly round in shape and produces antibodies
what are phagocytes?
a white blood cell which INGEST and digest foreign particles by flowing over them and enclosing them
what is the antigen and antibodies of blood type A?
A and b
how do antibodies work?
they attach to bacteria, causing the bacterial membrane to rupture
it cause the bacteria to clump together/agglutinate so phagocytes can ingest easily
neutralise harmful substances made by bacteria
how clotting works?
the platelets release thrombokinase (when rutpured) , which in the presence of calcium ions, catalyses prothrombin to thrombin. The thrombin then catalyses fibrinogen into fibrin threads
what is the medium between tissue cells and capilleries?
tissue fluid
why is the pulmonary circulation has much less pressure?
so when the blood enters the lung it has more time to absorb the oxygen
why is the systemic circulation has such a high pressure?
so that the oxygen can be distributed to the rest of the body quicker
Break Time
Remember the following
For remembering the side in which oxygenated blood flows,
righty bluey, left reddy
tRicuspid is right because it has a R in the name
what does the chordae tendinae do?
prevents the tri/bicuspid valve from reverting into the atrium (when ventricle contract)
Main arteries to be remembered
Renal, Hepatic and “arteries to the gut”
what blood arteries merge with another artery?
the arteries to the gut and stomach form hepatic portal vein and merges into the hepatic vein
why are metabolic waste substances removed from the body
- as they cannot be used in the organism
- as they are surplus or toxic and thus must be eliminated from the body
- they affect water potential too
