chapter 6 Flashcards
what are the processes of nutrition
ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion
what happens in the mouth?
teeth: chew the the food, physically digesting it so there is a higher surface area. salivary glands: to release saliva to break down travelling down salivary ducts. tongue: to mix the food up with saliva
what and where is a pharynx?
a pharynx is a tube that connects the oesophagus and larynx. ( both food and air pass through here)
what is peristalsis?
it is the rythmic wave like contractions in the alimentary canal,
how does peristalsis happen in the gut?
when the circular muscles contract, the longitudinal muscles relax, making the gut narrower, when the reverse happens, the gut become wider, allowing the food substances to move in a desired direction
from top to bottom, list the order of the throat (also, what is the pharynx?
buccal cavity to pharynx to larynx to trachea
the pharynx is part of the gut that connects the buccal cavity to oesophagus and larynx
key words for stomach？
distensible, sated, gastric glands, gastric juice pyloric sphincter ( ring of muscle which relaxes to open up hole to intestines ), chyme, churn
key words for large intestine?
absorb water, undigested matter, anus, colon, rectum
How does the stomach physically digest food?
by churning
pepsinogen + ______ = pepsin
Hydrochloric acid
what happens to glycerol and fatty acids after they diffuse into the lymphatic capillary?
the recombine to form fats
ways in which the small intestine increased its surface area
The inner surface of the small intestine is folded These folds have finger like projections called villi The epithelial (surface) cells are microvilli, which are cells with finger like protrusions to further increase surface area
capillaries in the small intestine
blood and lymphatic capillaries
Excess fats stored
adipose tissues
6 functions of the liver
:Regulates blood glucose concentration by releasing glucagon and insulin at appropriate times
:Produces bile to emulsify and physically digest fat
:Red blood cells are destroyed in the spleen and and the haemoglobin is brought to the liver, which is then broken down into iron and bile pigments (to be reused as bile)
:It produces proteins found in blood plasma, (prothrombin and fibrinogen)
:Deaminates excess amino acids to be turned into urea
:Detoxifies alcohol to acetaldehyde with the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
