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Biology > Human Respiratory system > Flashcards

Human Respiratory system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

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2
Q

List four examples of homeostasis in the body

A

Body temperature (37.5 degrees)
Blood pH 7.4 (lungs and kidneys)
Regulate glucose levels (pancreas)
Prevent toxic build up (liver/kidneys)

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3
Q

How does homeostasis depend on the rapid exchange of materials?

A

via. diffusion/ osmosis

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4
Q

Name 3 ways rapid exchange is ensured in homeostasis

A
  1. organisms/ structures can be flattened
  2. Thin - short distance for diffusion
  3. Large surface area for increased diffusion
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5
Q

What is an endothermic organism?

A

An animal that maintains body temperature independent of external environment

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6
Q

What is an exothermic/ ectothermic organism?

A

An animal who’s body temperature varies with external environment (e.g. lizards/ snakes)

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7
Q

Where is the human respiratory system located?

A

Thoracic region

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8
Q

What structural roll has the diaphragm

A

Forms floor

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9
Q

What protects the lungs?

A

Ribs and intercostal muscles

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10
Q

Where does air enter the body?

A

Through the nose and mouth

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11
Q

How does the nose filter air?

A

Nose contains small hairs called cilia and mucous which filter and warm air

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12
Q

Where is the pharynx found?

A

Where pipe from nose meets mouth where epiglottis is

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13
Q

What is the larynx also known as?

A

The voice box

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14
Q

What is the function of the larynx

A

Cartilage to produce sound

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15
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

Top of trachea

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16
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Windpipe that carries air from nose/ mouth to bronchus

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17
Q

How is the trachea held open?

A

Held open by c-shaped rings of cartilage (prevents collapse)

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18
Q

When the trachea splits into two windpipes it becomes … ?

A

Bronchus

19
Q

What is the purpose of bronchus?

A

Carry air to left/ right lung

20
Q

How are the bronchus held open?

A

Held open by c-shaped rings of cartilage (mucous and cilia)

21
Q

What is the function of alveoli?

A

Air sacs for gas exchange

22
Q

What is the function of bronchiole?

A

Tiny pipes within the lungs carrying air from bronchus to alveoli (contain mucous)

23
Q

How are alveoli adapted to their function?

A
  1. Thin walled for rapid diffusion
  2. Excellent blood supply for movement of gases
  3. Large surface area for diffusion
  4. Moist to aid diffusion
24
Q

What are the lungs enclosed by?

A

Pleural membranes and pleural fluid (allow friction free movement)

25
Q

How many breaths on average do we take per minute?

A

12-15 (involuntary process)

26
Q

What part of the brain controls inhalation?

A

Medulla Oblongata

27
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

Ribs up and out
Diaphragm down
Boyles law - Volume increased, pressure in lungs decreased (lower than atmosphere so air rushes in and fills the lungs)

28
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

Ribs move down and in (due to intercostal muscles relaxing)
Diaphragm moves up (resting state)
Boyles law - Volume decreases, pressure increases (pressure in lungs higher than atmosphere so air pushed out)

29
Q

What is oxyhaemoglobin made up of?

A

Haemoglobin and oxygen

30
Q

How is oxygen transported?

A

In red blood cells

31
Q

How is carbon dioxide transported?

A

In the plasma as a bicarbonate ion

32
Q

What is carbonic acid made up of?

A

CO2 diffused with water

33
Q

How is water vapour transported?

A

In plasma

34
Q

What is the importance of homeostasis in the respiratory system?

A

Allows normal metabolic activity and keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions.

35
Q

What gas is the driver of breathing?

A

Carbon dioxide

36
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located?

A

In the walls of the aorta artery and carotid (artery to brain) artery

37
Q

What activates chemoreceptors to medulla oblongata?

A

Low pH or acidic blood

38
Q

What increases breathing rate and CO2 levels?

A

Exercise

39
Q

How does the body know to increase it’s breathing rate?

A

Medulla oblongata sends signals to the intercostal muscles to increase breathing rate and CO2 is blown out.

40
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

Shortness of breath, wheezing breathing

41
Q

What are the causes of asthma?

A

Allergens trigger response e.g. pollen, dust,
Bronchiole narrow

42
Q

How can asthma be prevented

A

Avoid exposure to allergens
Preventative inhalers

43
Q

What is the treatment for asthma?

A

Bronchodilators,
Steroid inhalers

Biology (8 decks)

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