Food Flashcards
What is the chemical formula for lipids?
CHO (no ratio)
Name a structural role of lipids.
Cell Membranes
Name a Metabolic role of lipids
Energy Source
What is the difference between fats and oils?
Fats are solid at room temperature.
Oils are liquid at room temperature.
What is the test for lipids?
Brown paper (translucent spot)
What is the structure of lipids?
Triglyceride (made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acids)
What is the structure of phospholipids (found in cell membranes)
Glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate
What chemicals make up proteins?
C, H, O, N, S
Describe the physical appearance of proteins (give examples)
Globular (egg whites, enzymes)
Fibrous (Keratin (hair, nails))
As proteins cannot be stored, in what part of the digestive system are they broken down in?
The Liver
What is the structure of proteins?
Made up of peptides (small chains)
polypeptides (long chains)
20 (+) amino acids
What is the test for proteins?
Biurets solution (blue-purple)
What is the metabolic role of proteins?
Enzymes
What is the structural role of proteins?
Keratin
What is the function of water?
Transport, split in photosynthesis, component of cell (shape), good absorber of heat from chemical reactions)
How much water makes up human mass?
60%
How much water makes up cell mass?
90%
Name two trace elements
Cobalt and zinc
Are trace elements required in large or small amounts?
Small amounts
Name two other trace elements found in dissolved salts.
Sodium and potassium
What are the two types of vitamins?
Water soluble and Fat soluble
Give an example of a fat soluble vitamin.
Vitamin D (prevents rickets in children)
Give an example of a water soluble vitamin.
Vitamin C (prevents scurvy)
Name two minerals found in plants.
Calcium (cell walls)
Magnesium (chlorophyll component)
Name two minerals found in animals.
Iron (part of haemoglobin, prevents anaemia)
Calcium (strong bones, teeth)
Name one function of carbohydrates
Energy
What are the three structures of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide (1 sugar unit) - eg. glucose
Disaccharide (2 sugar units) - eg. sucrose
Polysaccharide (chain of sugar units) - eg. glycogen (animals)
cellulose (plants (cell wall))
starch (plants (storage))
What is the chemical formula of carbohydrates?
C6(H20)6
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
2H:1O
What is the test for glucose?
Benedicts solution (blue-red)
What are biomolecules?
Made in living things (CHO, protein)
