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Biology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Vascular tissue

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2
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

55% liquid plasma, 45% blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets)

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3
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

pH 7.4

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4
Q

What colour is plasma?

A

Yellow straw colour

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5
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A

90% H2O, 7% proteins, 3% dissolved materials

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6
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Transport

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7
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

Describe the physical appearance of red blood cells

A

Biconcave flexible discs

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9
Q

What name is given to an immature red blood cell?

A

Red blood corpuscle (has nucleus but it is not needed so dissolves)

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10
Q

Where are red blood cells made?

A

In the red bone marrow

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11
Q

Name three features of red blood cells

A

No nucleus (no division)
No mitochondria (cellular respiration/ energy)
Haemoglobin

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12
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen by red pigment called haemoglobin to become oxyhaemoglobin.

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13
Q

What is haemoglobin made up of?

A

Iron and protein

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14
Q

How long do red blood cells live?

A

Up to 4 months

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15
Q

What happens to red blood cells in the liver/ spleen?

A

Broken up into iron (stored in liver) and protein (make bile pigments biliverdin)

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16
Q

Name a deficiency disease of iron

A

Anaemia (haemoglobin do not form)

17
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

18
Q

Where are platelets made?

A

Red bone marrow from white blood cells (megacytes)

19
Q

Do platelets contain a nucleus?

A

No

20
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Clot blood (prevent blood loss and prevent entry of pathogens)

21
Q

Name a deficiency disease caused by a lack of platelets.

A

Haemophiliacs lack platelets (clotting agents)

22
Q

What is another name for white blood cells?

A

Leucocytes

23
Q

Where are white blood cells made?

A

In red bone marrow

24
Q

Describe the appearance of white blood cells

A

Larger than red blood cells
No shape and have a nucleus

25
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Defend body against infection (pathogens - disease causing organism)

26
Q

Name the two different types of white blood cells

A

Monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes

27
Q

How do monocytes/ macrophages carry out their function?

A

Act as scavengers
Digest pathogens by identifying an antigen on surface of pathogen.

28
Q

What is the name of the process where white blood cells engulf pathogens

A

Phagocytosis

29
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes?

A

Mature in lymph nodes (B lymphocytes) or thymes (T lymphocytes) produce antibodies (protein) in response to a pathogen

30
Q

How long do lymphocytes live for?

A

Days or years

31
Q

How is blood grouped?

A

Depending on presence or absence of glycoproteins found on surface of red blood cells

32
Q

What are glycoproteins made up of?

A

Carbohydrates and proteins

33
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A

Act as antigens found on surface of red blood cells

34
Q

What are the four blood groups?

A

A, B, AB and O

35
Q

Which of the blood types is known as the Universal Donor?

A

Type O

36
Q

Which of the blood types is known as the Universal Recipient?

A

Type AB

37
Q

What does it mean if someone is RH+?

A

The glycoprotein, rhesus factor is present

38
Q

What is a risk that can occur if a RH- mother is pregnant a RH+ baby

A

Could damage red blood cells of developing baby (anaemia, stillborn)

Biology (8 decks)

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