Human Resource Management

Question 1

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (triangle)

Answer 1

people can only ascend to a higher level after fulfilling each of the lower levels; the 5 levels are Physiological (food, water, shelter), Safety (security, stability, freedom from harm), Social (friends, family, love), Esteem (respect, appreciation), Self-Actualization (optimal performance, growth, learning)

Question 2

Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Answer 2

certain factors in the workplace cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction; Hygiene factors (status, job security, salary and fringe benefits) do not cause satisfaction, but if they are missing it causes dissatisfaction

Question 3

McGregor’s Theory-X

Answer 3

people dislike work, and thus employees must be watched closely

Question 4

McGregor’s Theory-Y

Answer 4

people are self-motivated, and thus can be trusted to work hard on their own

Question 5

McClelland’s Theory of Needs

Answer 5

people are motivated by either (1) achievement, (2) affiliation, or (3) power and are managed accordingly

Question 6

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory

Answer 6

the effectiveness of a leader’s management style (task-oriented vs. relationship oriented) is dependent on the situation

Question 7

Expectancy Theory

Answer 7

employees are motivated by the expectation of realistic positive outcomes and related rewards

Question 8

Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)

Answer 8

a grid that shows the relationship between work packages (rows) and team members (columns)

Question 9

Staffing Management Plan

Answer 9

includes information on staff acquisition and release, resource calendars, recognition and rewards, compliance (unions, regulations, legal, etc.) and safety (training, policies, and procedures)

Question 10

Constructive Team Roles

Answer 10

clarifiers, encouragers, information givers, information seekers, initiators, gatekeepers, harmonizers, and summarizers

Question 11

Destructive Team Roles

Answer 11

aggressors, blockers, dominators, devil’s advocate, recognition seekers, topic jumpers, withdrawers

Question 12

Forms of Power

Answer 12

Formal/Legitimate (power based on position or title), Expert (BEST; power based on knowledge or expertise, such as an SME); Reward (you reward desirable behavior with incentives, aka the carrot method), Referent (power based on respect or adornment), Punishment/Penalty (WORST; threats of punishment, aka the stick method)

Question 13

Methods of Conflict Resolution

Answer 13

Collaborating/Problem Solving (examine various perspectives; cooperate), Compromising/Reconciling (both parties give something up), Forcing/Directing (pushing one’s viewpoint at the expense of others; win-lose), Smoothing/Accommodating (emphasis on areas of agreement, but ignore the true problem; lose-lose), Withdraw/Avoiding (retreating from conflict; lose-lose)

Question 14

Team Development

Answer 14

Forming (team is shy), Storming (not seeing eye-to-eye), Norming (begin to work together), Performing (well-organized), Adjourning (team disbands)

Question 15

Interpersonal Skills

Answer 15

leading, influencing, effective decision-making; aka soft skills

Question 16

Primary Sources of Conflict

Answer 16

Schedule, Resources, and Priorities account for 50% or project conflicts