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zoology > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Define primary sex organs

A

Those organs which secrete hormones and also form gametes

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2
Q

Name the 2 primary sex organs

A

Testes

Ovary

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3
Q

What are secondary sex organs

A

These organs help in reproductive processes but do not produce hormones and gametes

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4
Q

Name the 4 secondary sex organs in males

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Penis
Vas’s deferentia

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5
Q

Name the 4 secondary sex organs in female

A

Oviduct
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris

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6
Q

What is puberty

A

Period when reproductive organs start working or functioning

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7
Q

Puberty age in male

A

12-14 years

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8
Q

Puberty age in females

A

10-12 years

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9
Q

What are the 8 secondary sexual characteristics in males

A 
Hairs around genital organs
Basal metabolic rate increase 
Hair growth on face and chest
Broad shoulders 
Narrow hip
Mammary glands undeveloped 
Abdominal breathing 
Prominent larynx
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10
Q

What is BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate (minimum energy required for survival)

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11
Q

8 secondary sexual characteristics in females

A 
Hair around genital organs 
BMR less
Hair growth on face and chest does not happen normally
Narrow shoulder 
Broad hip (due to uterus) 
Developed mammary glands
Thoracic breathing 
Not prominent larynx
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12
Q

Male reproductive system is located in which region

A

Pelvis

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13
Q

Name the 3 accessory glands in males

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Cowper gland

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14
Q

Write the path of sperm

A 
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Urethral orifice or meatus
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15
Q

Is seminal vesicle paired or unpaired

A

Paired

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16
Q

Name the 3 covers of testes

A

Tunica vaginalis
Rubicam albugenia
Tunica vasculosa

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17
Q

Outer cover of testes is called ; and give feature

A

Tunica vaginalis

Incomplete layer due to epididymis

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18
Q

Middle cover of testes is called ; and describe it.

A

Tunica albugenia

Thick cover made of white fibrous connective tissue

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19
Q

Inner cover of testes is called ; and describe it.

A

Tunica vasculosa

Thin layer with rich blood supply

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20
Q

Path of duct system in testes

A

Seminiferous tubules

Tubuli recti

Rete testes

Vasa efferentia

Duct of epididymis

Vasa deferentia

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21
Q

What is included in intratesticular duct system

A

Seminiferous tubule

Tubuli recti

Rate testes

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22
Q

Name the components of extra testicular duct system

A

Duct of epididymis

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct

Urethra

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23
Q

Germ cells (cells which form sperms) in males are aka

A

Spermatogonia

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24
Q

2 other names of Nurse cells

A

Sertoli cells

Sustentaculus cells

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25
Q

Interstitial cells or ______ form_____

A

Leydig cells

Testosterone

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26
Q

Shape of testes

A

Oval

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27
Q

Length and breadth of testes

A

4-5 cm long

2-4 cm breadth

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28
Q

Weight of testes

A

10-15 grams

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29
Q

Human testes are _______ abdomen

A

Extra abdominal

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30
Q

Testes is present in a ____ called _____

A

Testes sac

Scrotum

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31
Q

Testes are connected to scoring by _____aka_____

A

Gubernaculum

Mesorchium

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32
Q

In 6th to 7th month during embryogenesis, what happens to testes in presence of which hormones

A

Testes comes into scrotum

Testosterone + FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

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33
Q

Sometimes, testes don’t descend into scrotum … this is known as

A

Cryptorchidism

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34
Q

Since testes don’t desensitized to scrotum in cryptorchism, what happens and why

A

Sperm not formed cause of high temperature (2-2.5 Celsius higher ) in body

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35
Q

Name the surgery by which cryporchidism can be treated

A

Orchiopexy

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36
Q

______ muscles, when contracted, then testes comes closer to abdomen during ____ season

A

Cremaster

Winter

(Relax in summer)

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37
Q

By contraction of ____ muscles, walls of scrotum become ____ during ___ season

A

Dartos muscle

Thick

Winter

(To prevent heat loss)

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38
Q

Each testes has ___ testicular lobules

A

250

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39
Q

Testicular lobules are separated by

A

Tunica albugenia

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40
Q

Each testicular lobule contains how many seminiferous tubules

A

1 to 3

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41
Q

Structural and functional unit of testes

A

Seminiferous tubules

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42
Q

___ canal connects testes and abdomen

A

Inguinal canal

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43
Q

Rete testes is lined by _____

A

Cuboidal epithelium

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44
Q

Rete testes is an _______ like structure

A

Anastomosing labyrinth

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45
Q

From each rete testes, _____ vas’s efferentia arises

A

10-12

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46
Q

Vasa efferentia is aka

A

Ductuli efferens

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47
Q

Vasa efferentia opens into

A

Duct of epididymis

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48
Q

TS of testes shows which 3 cells

A

Leydig cell
Sertoli cell
Spermatogonia

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49
Q

What are the 5 functions of Sertoli cells

A

Provide nutrition to spermatozoa

Absorb shed part of spermatozoa

Secretes anti mullerian factor (AMF) which prevents development of oviduct in males

Release androgen binding proteins (ABP concentrates testosterone)

Form blood testes barrier

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50
Q

Function of ABP

A

Androgen bonding proteins

Concentrated testosterone

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51
Q

Function of blood testes barrier

A

To check for antigens present in blood coming into testes

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52
Q

Testes + epididymis =

A

Testicles

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53
Q

Surgical removal of testes is called ___ aka ____

A

Casteration

Orchidectomy

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54
Q

In ___ and ___ , testes comes into scrotum during breeding season … this is called

A

Bat

Otter

Rut cycle

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55
Q

what happens in epididymis

A

functional maturation of sperm takes palce ie motilty is aquired

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56
Q

shape of epididymis

A

comma shaped

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57
Q

length of epididymis

A

4cm

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58
Q

epididymis contains a __ m long duct, thus the duct is highly coiled

A

6m

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59
Q

which epithelial tissue lines epididymis

A

pseudostratified stereo ciliated epithelium

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60
Q

function of stereocilia

A

increases surface of absorption

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61
Q

name the 3 parts of epididymis

A

caput
corpus
cauda

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62
Q

caput is aka

A

globus major

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63
Q

cauda is aka

A

globus minor

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64
Q

epididymis arises from _____

A

wolfian duct of mesonephros

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65
Q

after functional maturation the sperm comes to ____ region of vasa deferens

A

ampulla

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66
Q

vasa diferentia is aka

A

ductus defernes

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67
Q

ductus deferens arises from

A

wolfian duct

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68
Q

length of vas deferens

A

45 cm

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69
Q

___ portion of VD fuses with ejaculatory duct

A

ampulla

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70
Q

name the components of spermatic chord

A

Vas deferens + artery + vein + nerve + connective tissue + cremaster muscle

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71
Q

sometimes, large intestine bulges into inguinal canal this condition is known as

A

inguinal hernia

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72
Q

length of ejaculatory duct

A

2cm

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73
Q

___ and ___ open into ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicles

vas deferens

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74
Q

ejaculatory duct opens into ___

A

prostatic urethra

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75
Q

name the 3 parts of male urethra

A

prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
penial urethra

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76
Q

cowper gland open into

A

membranous urethra

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77
Q

length of urethra in male

A

20cm

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78
Q

Shortest part of urethra in males

A

Membranous urethra

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79
Q

Name the copulatory organ in males

A

Penis

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80
Q

Describe the penis in 3 words

A

Cylindrical
Muscular
Tubular

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81
Q

Penile mass is covered by

A

Tunica albugenia

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82
Q

TS of penis shows 3 cords namely

A 
Corpora cavernosa (2)
Corpora spongiosa
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83
Q

In male, urethra passes through

A

Corpora spongiosum

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84
Q

During sexual excitement,deep artery pours blood into _____ so penis becomes ___. This is called ___

A

Erectile tissue

Hard

Erection of penis

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85
Q

Erection of penis is under control of ____ nervous system

A

Parasympathetic

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86
Q

Erection of penis is a ___ process

A

Vascular

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87
Q

_____ is extended and forms conical structure called ___ penis

A

Corpora spongiosa

Glans penis

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88
Q

Describe and name the skin on glans penis

A

Thin
Smooth
Shiny
Hairless

Prepuce or foreskin

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89
Q

Sebaceous glands are present on prepuce and are called ___ aka ____

A

Tyson gland

Preputial gland

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90
Q

Tyson gland secretes

A

Smegma

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91
Q

___ infection can occur in smegma

A

Microbial

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92
Q

In Muslims, ____ is done in childhood to prevent from microbial infection in smegma

A

Circumssion

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93
Q

Name the 3 accessory glands in males

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Cowper gland aka bulbo urethral gland

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94
Q

No of seminal vesicles

A

1 paid

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95
Q

Seminal vesicles are aka

A

Uterus masculinus

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96
Q

Seminal vesicles are modification of ____

A

Müllerian duct

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97
Q

Seminal vesicles location

A

Between urinary bladder and rectum

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98
Q

Seminal vesicles are lined by

A

Glandular epithelium

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99
Q

____ secrete 60-70% part of semen

A

Seminal vesicles

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100
Q

Describe the fluid from seminal vesicles

A

Lubricating
Transparent
Jelly like

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101
Q

pH of fluid from seminal vesicles

A

7.3

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102
Q

Seminal vesicles fluid contains

A

FCIP:

Fructose
Citric acid
Inositol
Prostaglandins

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103
Q

____ is an energy source for sperm

A

Fructose

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104
Q

For sperm, if Krebs cycle is used, energy source is

A

Citric acid

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105
Q

Rape test is done with the help of ____

A

Semen

They identify fructose because fructose is not present in any other secretion of the body

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106
Q

____ gland in male reproductive system is mainly found in mammals

A

Prostate

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107
Q

Shape of prostate gland

A

Chestnut shaped

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108
Q

Prostate gland is present at ___

A

Base of urinary bladder

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109
Q

pH of secretion of prostate gland

A

7.3/7.5

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110
Q

Fluid of prostate gland is

A

Milky
Sticky
Jelly like

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111
Q

Prostate gland produces ___% of semen

A

30%

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112
Q

Secretion of prostate gland help in

A

Activation of sperm

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113
Q

No of prostate gland(s)

A

1

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114
Q

Secretion of prostate gland gives ___ to semen

A

Characteristic smell

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115
Q

Prostate gland secretion consists of

A

CCPP

Citrate ion
Calcium ion
Phosphate ion
Profibrinolysin

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116
Q

____ is the marker enzyme of prostate gland which is used to detect prostate cancer

A

Acid phosphatase

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117
Q

No of Cowper gland

A

1 pair

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118
Q

Describe Cowper gland

A

Small and pea shaped

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119
Q

Where is Cowper gland present

A

Base of penis

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120
Q

Where does cowper gland open into

A

Membranous urethra

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121
Q

pH of secretion of Cowper gland

A

7.2

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122
Q

Main job of secretion of Cowper gland

A

Provide lubrication during sexual intercourse

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123
Q

Alkaline semen helps in

A

Neutralises acidity of vagina

124
Q

Semen = __+___

A

Sperm

Secretion form accessory reproductive glands

125
Q

If semen forcefully ejaculated into vagina from penis, it is called

A

Insemination

126
Q

Each ejaculate of 2.5-5 ml of semen contains ___ sperms

A

200-300 million sperms

127
Q

— sperms are present per ml of semen

A

20-120 million

128
Q

If sperm count is v.less or nil, it is called

A

Azoospermia

129
Q

If sperm count is less than 20million /ml of semen, it is called

A

Oligospermia

130
Q

Seminal plasma is

A

Liquid portion of semen

131
Q

Seminal plasma contains __&___&___

A

Fructose
Calcium
Certain enzymes

132
Q

If ___% of sperms show ____, male becomes fertile

A

60%

Normal shape and size

(Out of which 40% sperm must show high motility)

133
Q

Semen is forcefully expelled from penis by contraction of ____ this is called ____

A

Smooth muscles around urethra

Ejaculatory

134
Q

If semen is expelled into vagina of female, it is known as

A

Insemination

135
Q

What is spermination

A

After taking nutrition from Sertoli cells, spermatozoa comes into lumen of seminiferous tubules

136
Q

Just read this 🥛🍿🍜

A

When semen comes out from penis, it coagulates to save its sperms energy and then when it reaches the female genitalia, semen liquified again so it’s speed increases with the help of FIBRINOLYSIN

137
Q

What is prostatomegaly

A

Cancer of prostate gland

138
Q

What happens in prostatomegaly

A

Hypertrophy (overgrowth) of prostrate gland

139
Q

Give 2 points about prostatitis

A

Swelling in prostate gland

Difficult urinination

140
Q

When mumps spreads to testes it is called

A

Orchitis

141
Q

What happens in orchitis

A

Swelling in testes

142
Q

Full form of ADAM

A

Androgen deficiency in aging males

143
Q

ADAM is aka

A

Male menopause

144
Q

Give 2 features of androgen defincirny in aging males

A

Testosterone decreases in a high amount

Spermatogenesis stops

145
Q

What is impotency

A

Erection of penis does not occur during sexual intercourse

146
Q

Treatment of impotency

A

Nitric oxide drugs (like viagra )

It increases blood supply to the penis

147
Q

What is hydrocoel

A

Fluid is accumulated in tunica vaginalis

148
Q

Ovary produces

A

Ova and hormones

149
Q

Describe ovary

A

Small

Almond shaped

150
Q

Length diameter and thickness of ovary

A

Length : 2-4 cm
Diameter : 3cm
Thick: 1 cm

151
Q

Location of ovary

A

Near kidney in lower abdominal cavity

152
Q

Ovary is suspended with the help of

A

Mesovarium

153
Q

Outermost layer of ovary

A

Germinal epithelium

154
Q

Germinal epithelium is a modification of

A

Cuboidal epithelium

155
Q

Which layer is beneath the germinal epithelium covering the ovary

A

Tunica albugenia

156
Q

What is on top of germinal epithelium on ovary but not actually layer of ovary

A

Peritonium

157
Q

Medulla of ovary contains (5)

A 
Elastic fibers
Loose connective tissue
Blood vessel
Lymph vessels
Smooth muscles
158
Q

Cortex contains

A

Ovarian follicles

159
Q

ovary contains 2 regions namely

A

cortex

medulla

160
Q

cortex + medulla=

A

stroma

161
Q

ovary is covered by

A

germinal epithelial tissue

tunica albugenia

162
Q

germinal epithelium gives rise to

A

oogonia

163
Q

oogonia gives rise to

A

primary oocyte

164
Q

primary oocyte gives rise to

A

secondary oocyte

165
Q

secondary oocyte gives rise to

A

ova

166
Q

ova is formed in ___

A

fallopian tube

167
Q

formation of ova is called

A

oogenesis

168
Q

primary follicle gives rise to

A

secondary follicle

169
Q

secondaryfollicle gives rise to

A

tertiary follicle

170
Q

tertiary follicle gives rise to

A

graffian follicle

171
Q

graffian follicle gives rise to

A

corpus luteum

172
Q

corpus luteum gives rise to

A

corpus albicans

173
Q

when primary oocyte gets surrounded by ___ cells, it is called primary folllicle

A

granulosa

174
Q

when primary follicle gets surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells and ___ layer is formd, it is called ___

A

theca

secondary follicle

175
Q

secondary follicle is transpormed into tertiary follicle , in which ___ is present and __ and ___ are organised

A

antrum
theca externa
theca interna

176
Q

antrum is a ___ filled cavity

A

liquid (liquid called liquor follculi)

177
Q

tertiary follicle contains primary oocyte which shows___ and thus secondary oocyte and 1st polar body form..now it is known as ___

A

meiosis 1

graffian follicles

178
Q

__ and ___ are well developed in graffian follicles

A

theca

antrum

179
Q

externally, scrotum looks like a single pouch of skin separated into 2 lateral portions by a median ridge called

A

raphe

180
Q

Spermatogonia embryonic layer

A

Mesoderm

Enter testes at 5th week of development

181
Q

Seminiferous tubules contains 2 types of cells namely

A

Spermatogonia

Sertoli cells

182
Q

In graffian follicular two layers are present namely

A

Theca externa

Theca interna

183
Q

Theca externa is a ____ layer

A

Fiberous layer

184
Q

Theca interna is made up of

A

Follicular cells

185
Q

Eccentric cavity is present in graffian follicles known as

A

Antrum

186
Q

Follicular cells secrete

A

Liquor folliculi

187
Q

In graffian follicles ___ oocyte is presents

A

Secondary

188
Q

Secondary oocyte layers name

A

Corona radiata

Zona pellucida

189
Q

Corona radiata is made up of

A

Follicular cells

190
Q

____ is a non cellular layer made of glycoproteins

A

Zona pellucida

191
Q

Secondary oocyte is connected to theca interna by ___

A 
Pedicel
Stalk
Germ hill
Discus proligerous
Cumulus oophorus
192
Q

Cumulus oophorus is aka

A

Pedicel
Stalk
Germ hill
Discus proligerus

193
Q

After ovulation, graffian follicles are converted to

A

Corpus luteum

194
Q

Corpus luteum is aka

A

Yellow body

Macula lutea

195
Q

Corpus luteum is equivalent to

A

Macula lutea

196
Q

Corpus luteum is yellow due to

A

Luetin pigment

197
Q

Corpus luteum secretes

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

198
Q

At the last of menstural cycle, corpus luteum is converted to

A

Corpus Albicans

199
Q

Corpus albicans is aka

A

White body

200
Q

Why is corpus albicans white in color

A

It is made of fiberous tissue

201
Q

Ovarian ligament/ ligament of ovary attaches the ovary to the uterus

A

:)

202
Q

Ovary is attached to the peritonium by a double layered fold called

A

Mesovarium

203
Q

Fallopian tube is aka

A

Oviduct

Müllerian duct

204
Q

Length of Fallopian tube

A

10-12 cm

205
Q

Describe Fallopian tube in 3 words

A

Ciliated
Muscular
Tubular

206
Q

Fallopian tube is suspended by

A

Mesosalpinax

207
Q

In Fallopian tube, peristalsis occurs which helps in

A

Movement of secondary oocyte towards ampulla

208
Q

Fertilization site is

A

Ampulla of Fallopian tube

209
Q

Isthmus part of Fallopian tube is embedded in uterus is known as

A

Intramural or interstitial part

210
Q

___ is the funnel shaped part of Fallopian tube

A

Infundibulum

211
Q

Infundibulum contains finger like projections called

A

Fimbrae

212
Q

Fimbrae helps to collect

A

Secondary oocyte

213
Q

Name the 3 parts of Fallopian tube

A

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum

214
Q

___ is wide part of Fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

215
Q

___ is narrow part of Fallopian tube

A

Isthamus

216
Q

Uterus is aka (3)

A

Hystera
Metra
Womb

217
Q

Removal of uterus is known as

A

Hysterectomy

218
Q

Capacity of uterus

A

10-5000 cm cube

219
Q

Describe uterus in 4 words

A

Large
Hollow
Muscular
Highly vascular

220
Q

Shape of uterus

A

Inverted pear shaped

221
Q

Uterus is suspended by

A

Mesomatrium

222
Q

Uterus location

A

Pelvis region between urinary bladder and rectum

223
Q

Name the 3 parts of uterus

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

224
Q

___+___=birth canal

A

Vagina

Cervical canal

225
Q

____ has most powerful sphincters of female body

A

Cervix

226
Q

Name the 2 types of sphincters in cervix

A

External os

Internal os

227
Q

Name the 3 walls of uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

228
Q

Describe outer layer of uterus (perimetrium)

A

Membranous and serous layer

229
Q

Describe myometrium of uterus

A

Thick and highly muscular

230
Q

Endometrium of uterus describe

A

Highly vascular
Glandular
Columnar ET present

231
Q

Perimetrium is made of (3)

A

Simple squamous epithelium
Mesothelium
Peritonium

232
Q

Myometrium is made of

A

Smooth muscles

233
Q

During menstural cycle ___ is shed out

A

Endometrium

234
Q

Length of vagina

A

8 cm

235
Q

Vagina has or does not have glands

A

Does not have glands

236
Q

Mucus membrane is present in vagina

A

:)

237
Q

Vagina is lined by which epithelium

A

Non keritinised stratified squamous epithelium

238
Q

The mucus membrane of vagina forms folds known as

A

Vaginal rugae

239
Q

Vaginal opening is surrounded by a membrane called

A

Hymen membrane

240
Q

the mucus membrane of vagina forms folds called

A

vaginal rugae

241
Q

vaginal opeining is surrounded by a membrane called

A

hymen membrane

242
Q

what is the pH of vagina

A

4-5

243
Q

external genitilia of female is known as

A

vulva

244
Q

a depression present on vulva is called

A

vestiblue

245
Q

vestibule has 2 openings namely

A

urethral and vaginal opening (opening is aka orifice)

246
Q

vestibular area is surrounded by

A

2 pairs of moist skin folds (labia majora and minora)

247
Q

which is the large skin fold surrounding vestibular are of vagiana?

A

labia majora

248
Q

which is the small skin fold surrounding vestibular are of vagiana?

A

labia minora

249
Q

labia mojora is analogus to

A

scrotum

250
Q

____ is fused on anterior side to form clitoris

A

labia minora

251
Q

posterior part of labia minora forms

A

fourchette

252
Q

clitoris is homologus to

A

penis

253
Q

the space between fourchette and anus is called

A

perinium

254
Q

what is small, erectile, finger like, cylindrical

A

clitoris

255
Q

clitoris is covered by

A

prepuce

256
Q

clitoris contains ___ corpora cavernosa and ___ corpora spongiosa

A

2

0

257
Q

labia majora on upper side forms ___/___

A

mons pubis

mons veneris

258
Q

mons pubis contains ______ tissue

A

subcutaneous connective tissue

259
Q

onthe outer surface of ______, oil glands, sweat glands and hair follicles are present

A

labia majora

260
Q

vestibular glands of female are ____ glands

A

accessory glands

261
Q

the vestibular glands are divided into ____ and _____

A

greater vestibular or Bartholin gland

lesser vestibular or paraurethral or Skene’s gland

262
Q

____ gland of female secretes lubricating fluid

A

skenes or paraurethral or lesser vestibular glands

263
Q

Bartholin gland is ___ color

A

reddish yellow

264
Q

Bartholin gland location

A

lateral side of vagina

265
Q

Bartholin gland secretes

A

alkaline fluid(neutralizes acidity from urine near vagina)

266
Q

number of greater vestibular glands

A

1 pair

267
Q

lesser vestibular locationn

A

present around urethra

268
Q

Mammary glands are located on ____ muscles

A

Pectoralis major muscles

269
Q

Each mammary glands contains ____ mammary lobes

A

15-20 lobes

270
Q

Mammary lobes are separated by _____ tissues

A

dense Connective tissues and adipose tissues

271
Q

Mammary glands are a modification of

A

Sweat 😓 gland

272
Q

Which type of gland is mammary gland

A

Compound tubulo alveolar gland

273
Q

Mammary glands contain clusters of cells shaped like ____ known as ___

A

Grapes

Alveoli

274
Q

Give the path of milk in mammary glands

A 
Alveoli
Mammary tubules
Mammary duct
Ampulla
Lacteferous duct
Nipple
275
Q

Number of lacteferous duct = number of _____

A

Mammary lobes (15-20)

276
Q

Diameter of each lacteferous duct

A

0.5 mm

277
Q

Pinkish area around nipple is known as

A

Areola

278
Q

Nipples are vestigial in

A

Male

279
Q

In ___(4), testes is intra abdominal

A

Elephant
Aquatic mammals (whale and dolphin)
seal
Prototheria

280
Q

Just after the birth of a child, mothers mammary gland secrete a ___ color fluid called ____

A

Yellow

Colostrum

281
Q

Colostrum contains ___ antibody which provides passive immunity

A

IgA

282
Q

In mammary gland, alveolar system is developed by

A

Progesterone

283
Q

Duct system of mammary glands is developed by

A

Estrogen

284
Q

For development of mammary gland, ____ and ____ are required

A

Progesterone

Estrogen

285
Q

Technique used to detect breast cancer

A

Mammography

286
Q

Removal of breast of cancer detected

A

Masectomy

287
Q

What is endometriosis

A

Overgrowth of endometrium

288
Q

Endometriosis can be seen during

A

Menopause

Ovary removal

289
Q

What is oophorocystosis

A

Cyst formation (when theca externa of GF becomes too hard) in ovary

Since GF not developed, female becomes sterile

290
Q

What happens in ectopic pregnancy

A

When development of embryo takes place outside the uterus

291
Q

What is cervical cancer

A

Cancer of cervix

292
Q

Test to detect cervical cancer

A

Pap smear test

293
Q

What is oophoritis

A

Inflammation in ovary

294
Q

What is dysmenorrhea

A

Excess pain during mensturation

295
Q

Amenorrhoea?

A

Mensturation absent

296
Q

What is it called when someone has excessive mensturation

A

Menorrhagia

297
Q

Gametogenesis starts from ____ cells

A

Primordial germ cells

298
Q

Primordial germ cells are ______ in origin

A

Extragonidial

299
Q

Primordial germ cells are formed in

A

Extra embryonic mesoderm

300
Q

Spermatogenesis takes place in 2 stages namely

A

Spermatocytogenesis

Spermiogenesis

301
Q

Spermatocytogenesis includes formation of ___ from ____

A

Spermatid from PGCs

302
Q

Spermatocytogenesis has 3 phases namely

A

Multiplication(mitosis)
Growth
Maturation (meisosis 1&2)

303
Q

9 changes during spermiogenesis

A

Motility occurs in sperm

Weight of sperm decreases

Nucleus becomes compact and forms head of sperm known as spermatid

On head, acrosome present like a cap

Acrosome develops from Golgi body of spermatid

Acrosome has spermolysis

Mitochondria of spermatid forms mitochondrial spiral known as Nebenkern

Centriole differentiated into proximal and distal centriole

Tail formation occurs

304
Q

Acrosome develops from

A

Golgi body of spermatid

305
Q

Mitochondria of spermatid form mitochondrial spiral known as

A

Nebenkern

zoology (9 decks)

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