Human Reproduction Flashcards
what does the bladder do?
stores urine
what does the glands do?
to add fluid to sperm to make semen
what does the penis do?
allows the semen to enter female vagina
what does the sperm duct do?
to carry sperm from the testes to the penis
what does the urethra do?
to carry semen down the centre of the penis it also carries urine from the bladder
what does the testes do?
where the sperm and testosterone is produced
what does the scrotum do?
to keep the testes cool so that sperm can develop properly
list the parts that the sperm pass through?
- testes
- sperm duct
- urethra
what is a gamete?
a sex cell e.g. a sperm cell or egg cell
what is a sperm?
the male gamete
what are the testes?
place where sperm and testosterone are made
what is the sperm duct?
a tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
what are the glands?
parts of the male reproductive system which adds fluid to sperm
what is the urethra?
a tube that carries semen (or urine) out of the mans body
what is the penis?
a part of the male reproductive system which delivers semen into the females vagina
what are the ovaries?
place where the eggs mature and where oestrogen and progesterone are made
what are the eggs?
female gamete
what is the oviduct?
a tube that carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
what is the uterus?
a place where the baby develops
what is the cervix?
part of the female reproductive system between the vagina and uterus
what is the vagina?
place where semen is deposited
what is testosterone?
a male sex hormone causing changes during puberty
what is oestrogen?
a female sex hormone causing change during puberty
what are the secondary sexual characteristics?
the changes that happen during puberty e.g. pubic hair
what is the uterus lining?
the inner layer of the uterus
what is menstruation?
bleeding during days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle, as the uterus lining breaks down
what is ovulation?
release of an egg from one of the ovaries (on day 14)
what are the male secondary sexual characteristics?
- an increase rate in growth
- hair growth on face and body including pubic hair
- deepening of voice
- aggression
- increased muscle development
- sperm production
- pubic hair and under-arm hair growth
- sex drive
what are the women secondary sexual characteristics?
- an increase in rate of growth
- breast development
- start of menstrual cycle (periods)
- change in distribution of fat
- hips widening
- pubic hair and under-arm hair growth
- sex drive
which hormone causes an egg to mature?
FHS
which hormone makes the uterus lining thicken?
oestrogen
which hormone causes ovulation?
LH
which hormone maintains the uterus lining during the second half of the cycle?
progesterone
which hormone makes the ovaries release oestrogen?
FHS
which hormone stops the pituitary gland producing FHS and making it produce LH instead?
oestrogen
which hormone does a structure in the ovary called the corpus lute release after ovulation?
progesterone
which hormone stops the pituitary gland releasing FHS and LH?
progesterone
what does FHS do?
causes the egg to mature
what does oestrogen do?
causes the uterus lining to thicken
what does LH do?
causes ovulation
what does progesterone do?
maintains the uterus lining
what does the foetus develop in?
a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid.
what does the amniotic fluid do?
supports the baby and cushions it from bumps and knocks
1️⃣ and urea diffuse from the foetus’ blood to the mother’s blood
1️⃣carbon dioxide
the developing foetus cannot 1️⃣ or 2️⃣ for itself or get rid of 3️⃣. the mother must provide the foetus with nutrition and remove waste. this happens in the 4️⃣. the foetus is attached to the placenta by the 5️⃣
1️⃣eat 2️⃣breathe 3️⃣waste 4️⃣placenta 5️⃣umbilical cord
what is the foetus attached to the placenta by?
umbilical cord
what things diffuse from the mother’s blood to the foetus’ blood through the placenta?
oxygen glucose amino acids glycerol fatty acids vitamins minerals hormones antibodies
a vein carries the foetus’ blood (which now contains oxygen and nutrients) along the umbilical cord back to the?
foetus
inside the placenta, this artery branches into many 1️⃣ with walls just one 2️⃣ thick. the capillaries are inside finger-like 3️⃣ which provide a large 4️⃣ for the diffusion of substances between the foetus’ blood and mother’s blood NOTE: inside the placenta the foetus’ blood and the mother’s blood fo not5️⃣
1️⃣ capillaries 2️⃣cell 3️⃣villi 4️⃣surface area 5️⃣mix
an artery carries the foetus’ 1️⃣ (which contains waste substances such as carbon dioxide and 2️⃣) along the umbilical cord to the placenta .
1️⃣blood
2️⃣urea
how is the developing foetus connected to the placenta?
by the umbilical cord
what are three of the ways that the placenta is adapted for rapid diffusion?
- large surface area
- lots of capillaries
- thin walls-one cell thick
what is fertilisation?
when a sperm fuses with an egg
