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Biology > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the bladder do?

A

stores urine

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2
Q

what does the glands do?

A

to add fluid to sperm to make semen

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3
Q

what does the penis do?

A

allows the semen to enter female vagina

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4
Q

what does the sperm duct do?

A

to carry sperm from the testes to the penis

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5
Q

what does the urethra do?

A

to carry semen down the centre of the penis it also carries urine from the bladder

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6
Q

what does the testes do?

A

where the sperm and testosterone is produced

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7
Q

what does the scrotum do?

A

to keep the testes cool so that sperm can develop properly

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8
Q

list the parts that the sperm pass through?

A
  • testes
  • sperm duct
  • urethra
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9
Q

what is a gamete?

A

a sex cell e.g. a sperm cell or egg cell

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10
Q

what is a sperm?

A

the male gamete

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11
Q

what are the testes?

A

place where sperm and testosterone are made

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12
Q

what is the sperm duct?

A

a tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra

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13
Q

what are the glands?

A

parts of the male reproductive system which adds fluid to sperm

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14
Q

what is the urethra?

A

a tube that carries semen (or urine) out of the mans body

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15
Q

what is the penis?

A

a part of the male reproductive system which delivers semen into the females vagina

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16
Q

what are the ovaries?

A

place where the eggs mature and where oestrogen and progesterone are made

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17
Q

what are the eggs?

A

female gamete

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18
Q

what is the oviduct?

A

a tube that carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus

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19
Q

what is the uterus?

A

a place where the baby develops

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20
Q

what is the cervix?

A

part of the female reproductive system between the vagina and uterus

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21
Q

what is the vagina?

A

place where semen is deposited

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22
Q

what is testosterone?

A

a male sex hormone causing changes during puberty

23
Q

what is oestrogen?

A

a female sex hormone causing change during puberty

24
Q

what are the secondary sexual characteristics?

A

the changes that happen during puberty e.g. pubic hair

25
Q

what is the uterus lining?

A

the inner layer of the uterus

26
Q

what is menstruation?

A

bleeding during days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle, as the uterus lining breaks down

27
Q

what is ovulation?

A

release of an egg from one of the ovaries (on day 14)

28
Q

what are the male secondary sexual characteristics?

A
  • an increase rate in growth
  • hair growth on face and body including pubic hair
  • deepening of voice
  • aggression
  • increased muscle development
  • sperm production
  • pubic hair and under-arm hair growth
  • sex drive
29
Q

what are the women secondary sexual characteristics?

A
  • an increase in rate of growth
  • breast development
  • start of menstrual cycle (periods)
  • change in distribution of fat
  • hips widening
  • pubic hair and under-arm hair growth
  • sex drive
30
Q

which hormone causes an egg to mature?

A

FHS

31
Q

which hormone makes the uterus lining thicken?

A

oestrogen

32
Q

which hormone causes ovulation?

A

LH

33
Q

which hormone maintains the uterus lining during the second half of the cycle?

A

progesterone

34
Q

which hormone makes the ovaries release oestrogen?

A

FHS

35
Q

which hormone stops the pituitary gland producing FHS and making it produce LH instead?

A

oestrogen

36
Q

which hormone does a structure in the ovary called the corpus lute release after ovulation?

A

progesterone

37
Q

which hormone stops the pituitary gland releasing FHS and LH?

A

progesterone

38
Q

what does FHS do?

A

causes the egg to mature

39
Q

what does oestrogen do?

A

causes the uterus lining to thicken

40
Q

what does LH do?

A

causes ovulation

41
Q

what does progesterone do?

A

maintains the uterus lining

42
Q

what does the foetus develop in?

A

a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid.

43
Q

what does the amniotic fluid do?

A

supports the baby and cushions it from bumps and knocks

44
Q

1️⃣ and urea diffuse from the foetus’ blood to the mother’s blood

A

1️⃣carbon dioxide

45
Q

the developing foetus cannot 1️⃣ or 2️⃣ for itself or get rid of 3️⃣. the mother must provide the foetus with nutrition and remove waste. this happens in the 4️⃣. the foetus is attached to the placenta by the 5️⃣

A 
1️⃣eat
2️⃣breathe
3️⃣waste
4️⃣placenta
5️⃣umbilical cord
46
Q

what is the foetus attached to the placenta by?

A

umbilical cord

47
Q

what things diffuse from the mother’s blood to the foetus’ blood through the placenta?

A 
oxygen
glucose
amino acids
glycerol
fatty acids 
vitamins 
minerals 
hormones 
antibodies
48
Q

a vein carries the foetus’ blood (which now contains oxygen and nutrients) along the umbilical cord back to the?

A

foetus

49
Q

inside the placenta, this artery branches into many 1️⃣ with walls just one 2️⃣ thick. the capillaries are inside finger-like 3️⃣ which provide a large 4️⃣ for the diffusion of substances between the foetus’ blood and mother’s blood NOTE: inside the placenta the foetus’ blood and the mother’s blood fo not5️⃣

A 
1️⃣ capillaries 
2️⃣cell
3️⃣villi
4️⃣surface area
5️⃣mix
50
Q

an artery carries the foetus’ 1️⃣ (which contains waste substances such as carbon dioxide and 2️⃣) along the umbilical cord to the placenta .

A

1️⃣blood

2️⃣urea

51
Q

how is the developing foetus connected to the placenta?

A

by the umbilical cord

52
Q

what are three of the ways that the placenta is adapted for rapid diffusion?

A
  • large surface area
  • lots of capillaries
  • thin walls-one cell thick
53
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

when a sperm fuses with an egg

Biology (23 decks)

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