Human reproduction Flashcards
Humans are —reproducing and—.
sexually
viviparous
The reproductive events in humans include
1. formation of gametes (—), i.e., — in males
and —in females,
2. transfer of sperms into the —- (—-)
3. fusion of male and female gametes (—-) leading to formation of —-.
gametogenesis
sperms, ovum
female genital tract
insemination
fertilisation
zygote
formation of zygote is followed by:
4. formation and development of —
5. its attachment to the —wall (—-)
6. —- development (—-)
7. delivery of the
— (—-).
blastocyst
uterine- implantation
embryonic
gestation
baby
parturition
These reproductive
events occur —-.
after puberty
There are remarkable
differences between the — in the male and in the female, for example, —formation continues even in —, but formation of —ceases in — around the age of —.
reproductive events
sperm- old men
ovum- women, fifty years
The male reproductive system is located in the —-
pelvis region
Male rep system includes a PAIR of — along with
accessory —, — and —-
testes
ducts, glands and the external genitalia.
The testes are situated outside the — within a —called — .
abdominal cavity
pouch
scrotum
The scrotum helps in maintaining the — of the testes (— lower than
the normal —- temperature ) necessary for —-.
low temperature
(2–2.5 C), internal body
spermatogenesis
In —, each testis is — in shape, with a length
of about— and a width of
about —-
adults
oval
4 to 5 cm, 2 to 3 cm.
The testis is covered by a —
dense covering.
— testis has about —compartments
called —–
Each , 250
testicular lobules
Each lobule contains —-, —- seminiferous
tubules in which — are
produced.
1-3
highly coiled
sperms
Each seminiferous tubule
is lined on — by two types of cells called —- and —cells
its inside
male germ cells (spermatogonia)
Sertoli
The — undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to sperm formation
male germ cells
Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the— .
germ cells
The regions outside the
seminiferous tubules called —-
interstitial spaces
interstitial space contains — and — or —- cells and other —– cells are also present
small blood vessels
interstitial or leydig
immunologically competant
Leydig cells — and —- testicular hormones called —.
synthesise and secrete
androgens
The male sex accessory ducts include —, —, — and —-
rete testis, vasa efferentia,
epididymis and vas deferens
The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the —- through —-
vasa efferentia
rete testis.
The — leave the testis and open into — located along the — of each testis.
vasa efferentia
epididymis
posterior surface
The epididymis leads to — that ascends to the — and loops over the — .
vas deferens
abdomen
urinary bladder
Vas deference receives a duct from — and opens into — as the —-
seminal vesicle
urethra
ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory ducts — and – the sperms from the testis to the outside through —.
store and transport
urethra
The urethra originates from the — and extends
through the —- to its external opening called —
urinary bladder
penis
urethral meatus.
The — is the male external genitalia
penis
Penis is made up of — that helps in — of the penis to facilitate —.
special tissue
erection
insemination
The — end of penis called the — is covered by a —
of skin called —.
enlarged, glans penis
loose fold, foreskin
The male accessory glands include—, a —and — glands.
paired seminal vesicles
prostate
paired bulbourethral
Secretions of acc glands constitute the — which is rich in —, — and —-.
seminal plasma
fructose, calcium and certain enzymes
The secretions of — glands also helps in the –of the penis.
bulbourethral
lubrication
The female reproductive system consists of a pair of — alongwith a pair of — , —–
located in — region
ovaries , oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and the external genitalia
pelvic
Parts of the fem rep system along with a — are integrated —- to support
the processes of —, —, —, — and —-
pair of the mammary glands
structurally and functionally
ovulation, fertilisation, pregnancy, birth and child care.
Ovaries are the — female sex organs that produce the female gamete (ovum) and several — (ovarian hormones).
primary
steroid hormones
The ovaries are located one on each side of the –
lower abdomen
Each ovary is about — cm in length and is connected to the — and — by —.
2 to 4
pelvic wall and uterus
ligaments
Each ovary is covered by a — which encloses the —.
thin epithelium
ovarian stroma
The ovarian stroma is divided into two zones – a — and —-
peripheral cortex and an inner medulla.
—, — and —– constitute the female accessory ducts.
The oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina
(OUV)
Each fallopian tube is about — long and extends from the — of each — to —-
10-12 cm
periphery
ovary to uterus
The part of oviduct closer
to the ovary is the —-.
funnel-shaped infundibulum
The — of the infundibulum possess —-called —, which help in
collection of the — after ovulation.
edges
finger-like projections
fimbriae
ovum
The infundibulum leads to a —- of the oviduct called —.
wider part, ampulla
The last part of the oviduct, — has
a — and it joins the uterus.
isthmus
narrow lumen
The uterus is — and it is also called —.
single
womb
The shape of the uterus
is like —-.
an inverted pear
Uterus is supported by —attached to the —.
ligaments
pelvic wall
The uterus opens into —through a narrow –.
vagina
cervix
The cavity of the cervix is called — which alongwith —- forms the birth canal.
cervical canal
vagina
The wall of the uterus has —- layers of —.
three
tissue
The external —- perimetrium, middle —–, myometrium and inner — called endometrium that
lines the —-
thin membranous
thick layer of smooth
muscle
glandular layer
uterine cavity.
The endometrium undergoes — during menstrual cycle while the —exhibits — contraction during
delivery of the baby.
cyclical changes
myometrium
strong
The female external genitalia include — (5)
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris
Mons pubis is a —- tissue —, —.
cushion of fatty
covered by skin and pubic hair
The labia majora are—- of
tissue, which extend down from the mons pubis
fleshy folds
—- surround the vaginal
opening.
Labia majora
The labia minora are —- folds of tissue under the labia majora.
paired
The opening of the vagina is often — by a MEMBRANE called – .
covered partially
hymen
The clitoris is a —- structure which lies at the — junction of the two — above the — .
tiny finger-like
upper
labia minora
urethral opening
The hymen is OFTEN torn during the first coitus (—).
However, it can also be broken
by a sudden — or —, insertion of a —-, active participation
in some sports like — and —-, etc. In some women the hymen
persists even after coitus.
intercourse
fall or jolt
vaginal tampon
horseback riding, cycling
In fact, the presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of — or —-
virginity or sexual experience.
A — mammary gland is characteristic of all — mammals.
functional, female
The mammary glands are paired structures (—) that contain
— and —.
breasts
glandular tissue and variable amount of fat
The — of each breast is divided into— mammary lobes containing clusters of cells called alveoli
glandular tissue
15-20
The cells of alveoli secrete —, which is stored in the —- of —.
milk
cavities (lumens), alveoli
The alveoli open into —
mammary tubules.
The tubules of EACH LOBE join to form a —.
mammary duct
—- mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary — which is connected to — through which milk is —-
Several
ampulla
lactiferous duct
sucked out.
The —- – the testis in the males and the ovaries in the females – produce gametes, i.e, sperms and ovum, respectively, by the
process called —.
primary sex organs
gametogenesis
In testis, the —- (spermatogonia) produce sperms by — that begins at— .
immature male germ cells
spermatogenesis
puberty
The —- present on the —- wall of seminiferous tubules multiply by —division and —-.
spermatogonia
inside
mitotic
increase in numbers
Each spermatogonium is — and contains — chromosomes
diploid
46
Some of the spermatogonia called —- periodically undergo —.
primary spermatocytes
meiosis
