HH- diseases ncert

Question 1

Health for a long time was considered as a state of ___ and ____ where there was a _____

Answer 1

Body and mind
Balance bw certain humours

Question 2

Humor def of health was asserted by ____ and ___

Answer 2

Early greeks: Hippocrates
Indian ayurvedic system

Question 3

It was thought that person’s with ___bile had a ____ personality and would have ___

Answer 3

Black
Hot, fevers

Question 4

____ was arrived at by pure reflective thought

Answer 4

The idea of humour and people with black bile

Question 5

Discovery of blood circulation was by _____ using _____ methods and demonstration of ____ in people with blackbile using ____ disproved ____ of health

Answer 5

1. William Harvey
   2.experimental
2. Normal body temp
   4.Thermometer
3. Good humour hypothesis

Question 6

In later years, ___ stated that ___ influences through ____ and ___ , our ___ system and that our immune system maintains health

Answer 6

1 biology
2 mind
3 neural and endocrine system
4 immune system

Question 7

Hence, ___ and ___ can affect our health

Answer 7

Mind and mental state

Question 8

Health is mainly affected by ____, ____ and ____

Answer 8

Genetics disorders
Infections
Lifestyle

Question 9

Genetics disorders - ____ with which a child is born and ____/____ which the child ____ from the parents

Answer 9

1 deficiencies
2 deficiencies or defects
3 inherits

Question 10

Lifestyle includes: ___ and ___ we take, ___ and ___ we give to our bodies, ____ we have or lack, etc

Answer 10

1 food and water
2 Rest and exercise
3 habits

Question 11

Term health is ____ used by everybody

Answer 11

Frequently

Question 12

Health does not simply mean _____

Answer 12

Absence of disease or physical fitness

Question 13

Health is defined as the state of ______ , ____ and ____ wellbeing

Answer 13

Complete physical mental and social wellbeing

Question 14

When people are healthy, they are more ____. Which increases ____ and brings _____

Answer 14

Efficient
Productivity
Economic prosperity

Question 15

Health also increases ____ of people, reduces _____ and ____

Answer 15

1 longevity
2 Infant and maternal mortality

Question 16

_____, ____ and ____ are very imp to maintain good health

Answer 16

Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise

Question 17

____, ____, ____, _____, _____ are necessary for achieving good health

Answer 17

Awareness, vaccination, proper waste disposal, control of vectors, maintenance of hygiene in food and water resources

Question 17

____ has been practiced since time immemorial to achieve ___ and ___

Answer 17

Yoga
Physical and mental health

Question 18

Vaccination is ____ against ___ diseases

Answer 18

Immunisation against infectious

Question 19

Awareness about ____ and their effect on ____ is necessary to achieve good health

Answer 19

Diseases
Diff bodily functions

Question 20

Definition of disease

Answer 20

When functioning of 1 or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected, characterized by appearance of certain signs and symptoms, we say that we are not healthy (or have a disease)

Question 21

Diseases are broadly grouped into

Answer 21

Infectious and non infectious

Question 22

____ diseases are very common

Answer 22

Infectious

Question 23

Define infectious diseases

Answer 23

The diseases which can easily be transmitted from one person to another

Question 24

Everyone suffers from infectious diseases at sometime or the other. T/F

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Some infectious diseases like _____ are fatal

Answer 25

Aids

Question 26

____ is the major cause of death among non infectious

Answer 26

Cancer

Question 27

___ and ___ also affect our health adversely

Answer 27

Drug and alcohol abuse

Question 28

A wide range of orgs belonging to ____, ___, ___, ____ and ____ could cause diseases in man

Answer 28

Bac, virus, fungi, protozoans, helminths

Question 29

What is a pathogen

Answer 29

Such diseases causing organisms == pathogens

Question 30

Most ___ are therefore pathogens as they cause harm to the ___ by living --- or --- them

Answer 30

Parasites Host, in or on

Question 31

The pathogens enter our body through ---- means, --- and ,interfere with ---- resulting in ---- and---- damage

Answer 31

- Various - Multiply - Normally vital activites - morphological and functional damage

Question 32

Pathogens have to adapt to life within ____

Answer 32

The environment of host

Question 33

Pathogens that enter the gut must know a way to survive the ____ in stomach and resisting the ____

Answer 33

Low pH Digestive enzymes

Question 34

Few ___ members from diff groups of pathogenic orgs are discussed here along with diseases caused by them. ___ and ___ measures against these diseases in general are also briefly mentioned

Answer 34

Representative Preventive and control

Question 35

____ is a pathogenic bac which causes typhoid ___ in human beings

Answer 35

Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever

Question 36

Typhoid pathogens generally enter _____

Answer 36

Small intestine

Question 37

Typhoid pathogens enter through ---- and --- contaminated by then and migrate to ---- through blood

Answer 37

Food and water Other organs

Question 38

Symptoms of typhoid

Answer 38

1. Sustained high fever (39-40 C) 2. Weakness 3. Stomach pain 4. Constipation 5. Headache 6. Loss of appetite Internal perforations and death if severe

Question 39

A classic case of medicine in typhoid is that of

Answer 39

Mary melon, 🍈 nicknamed as Typhoid Mary

Question 40

Typhoid can be confirmed by

Answer 40

Widal test

Question 41

Mary melon was a ___ by profession and was a carrier of ___ who continued to spread it for several years through her ____

Answer 41

Cook Typhoid Food

Question 42

Bacterial like _____ and ____ are responsible for pneumonia

Answer 42

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

Question 43

Pneumonia infects the ____

Answer 43

Alveoli (air filled sacs) of lungs 🫁

Question 44

In pneumonia, as a result of infection- the alveoli get _____ leading to severe problems in ----

Answer 44

Filled with fluid Respiration

Question 45

Symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 45

1. Fever 2. Chills 3. Cough 4. Headache

Question 46

In severe cases of pneumonia 🥶 ---- and ---- may turn ----

Answer 46

lips and finger nails grey to bluish in colour

Question 47

Infection of pneumonia is acquired by _____ released by the infected person or even by ____ with an infected oerson

Answer 47

Inhaling aerosols/droplets released by Sharing glassess and utensils with

Question 48

___, ___ and ___ are some of the other diseases caused by bacteria 🦠 in man

Answer 48

Diphtheria Plague Dysentery

Question 49

Many ____ also cause diseases in humans

Answer 49

Viruses

Question 50

___ viruses represent one such group of virus which cause one of the most infectious human ailments:

Answer 50

Rhino Common cold

Question 51

Rhino virus infects the ---- and ---- but not the ----

Answer 51

Nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs

Question 52

Common cold is characterised by:

Answer 52

1. Nasal congestion and discharge 2. Sore throat 3. Hoarseness 4. Cough 5. Headache 6. Tiredness

Question 53

Symptoms of cold usually last for

Answer 53

3-7 days

Question 54

Droplets resulting from ____ and ____ of infected person, either inhaled --- or transmitted through ----- cause infection in healthy person

Answer 54

Cough or sneezes Directly or contaminated objects (like pen, books, cups, doorknobs, computer keyboards, mouse)

Question 55

---- is a disease man has been fighting since many years

Answer 55

Malaria

Question 56

----- a tiny protozoan is responsible for malaria

Answer 56

Plasmodium

Question 57

Diff types of plasmodium ---, ---- and ---- are responsible for diff types of malaria 🦟

Answer 57

Plasmodium falciparum, vivax and malaria

Question 58

---- cause malignant malaria- the most serious one and can be ----

Answer 58

P. Falciparum Fatal

Question 59

Plasmodium enters the human body as ----- (---- forms), through the bite of

Answer 59

Sporozoites- infectious form Infected female anopheles mosquito

Question 60

The plasmodium parasite initially multiplies within ---- cells in humans and attack the ---- resulting in their ---

Answer 60

Liver RBcs Rupture

Question 61

Rupture of RBcs is associated with a release of ---- in malaria

Answer 61

Toxic subs- haemozoin

Question 62

Haemozoin is responsible for ---- and --- every once in --- days

Answer 62

Chills and high fever 3-4 days

Question 63

When a female ---- mosquito bites and infected person, malaria parasites enter the mosquitoes --- and undergo further development

Answer 63

Anopheles Body

Question 64

The malarial parasite multiples in the mosquito to form ----

Answer 64

Sporozoites

Question 65

Sporozoites are stored ---- in mosquitoes

Answer 65

Salivary glands

Question 66

Malarial parasite requires ---- to complete it's life cycle

Answer 66

2 hosts- human and mosquito

Question 67

Vector ( ---- ) of malaria

Answer 67

(Transmitting agent) Female anopheles mosquito only

Question 68

Sporozoites reproduce ---- in liver cells, ---- the cells and releasing into the blood

Answer 68

Asexuallly Bursting

Question 69

Parasites of malaria reproduce ---- in RBcs. Bursting and causing ---- The released parasite infect ----

Answer 69

- Asexuallly - Cycles of fever and other symptoms - Infect new RBcs

Question 70

---- stage of malarial parasite develops in rbcs

Answer 70

Sexual stage- gametocytes

Question 71

Female mosquitoes take up ---- stage of malarial parasite through blood meal

Answer 71

Gametocytes

Question 72

Fertilization and dev of gametocytes (plasmodium) occurs in ---- of ----

Answer 72

Gut of mosquito

Question 73

Shape of sporozoites (diagram based q)

Answer 73

Sickle shape

Question 74

Mature infective stages of plasmodium migrated from ---- to ---- in the mosquito

Answer 74

From gut to salivary glands

Question 75

Entamoeba histolytica is a _____ parasite in the ---- of human

Answer 75

Protozoan Large intestine

Question 76

Entamoeba causes Amoebiasis, also called as

Answer 76

(amoebic dysentery)

Question 77

Symptoms of amoebiasis

Answer 77

1. Constipation 2. Abdominal pain + cramps 3. Stools with excessive mucous and blood clots

Question 78

---- carrier of amoebiasis is ---- which serve to transmit the parasite from ---- to ---- , thereby contaminating them

Answer 78

Mechanical Housefly Faeces of infected person to food and food products

Question 79

Main source of infection of amoebiasis is :

Answer 79

Drinking water and food contaminated by faecal matter

Question 80

Ascaris (-----) and Wuchereria (---) are some ____ which are known to be pathogenic to man

Answer 80

Common round worm 🐛, filarial worm 🪱 Helminths

Question 81

Ascaris is a ---- parasite which causes ---

Answer 81

Intestinal, ascariasis

Question 82

Symptoms of ascariasis:

Answer 82

1. Internal bleeding 2. Muscular pain 3. Fever 4. Anemia 5. Blockage of intestinal passage

Question 83

Eggs of ascaris is excreted along with --- which contaminate ----,----,---- etc

Answer 83

Faeces of infected Soil, water 💦, plants ☘️

Question 84

A healthy person can acquire infection of ascariasis from ---,----,---,etc

Answer 84

Water 💦 Vegetables 🥒 Fruits 🍒

Question 85

Wuchereria (--- and ---), the filarial worms cause a ----- inflammation in the organs in which they live for ------

Answer 85

1 malayi and brancofti 2 slowly developing chronic inflammation 3 many years

Question 86

Usually --- of --- are affected due to filarial worm , and the disease is called ---- or ----

Answer 86

Lymphatic vessels of lower limbs Elephantiasis or filariasis

Question 87

In filariasis, the --- are also OFTEN affected, resulting in -----

Answer 87

Genital organs Gross deformities

Question 88

Wuchereria is transmitted to a healthy person by

Answer 88

Bite of female mosquito vectors

Question 89

Many fungi belonging to the --- of -----,-----,------; are responsible for ringworm

Answer 89

Genera of : Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, Microsporum

Question 90

---- are the most common infectious diseases in man

Answer 90

Ringworm

Question 91

Symptoms of ringworm

Answer 91

1. Appearance of dry scaly lesionsbon various parts (like skin, nails and scalp) ---> main symptoms 2. Lesions are accompanied by intense itching

Question 92

---- and --- make the fungi causing ringworm grow and thrive in ----- such as (---- or ----)

Answer 92

Heat and moisture Skin fold (Groin or bw the toes)

Question 93

Ringworms are generally acquired from ---- or by using ----- of infected people

Answer 93

Soil Towel/clothes or even comb of infected people

Question 94

Maintenance of ---- and ---- is v imp for prevention and control of many infectious diseases

Answer 94

Personal and public hygiene 🪥

Question 95

Measured for personal hygiene include:

Answer 95

1. Keeping body clean 2. Consuming clean drinking water, food, vegetable, fruit

Question 96

Public hygiene 🪥 includes:

Answer 96

1. Proper disposal of waste, excreta 2. Periodic cleaning and disinfecting water reservoir, pools,cesspools, tanks 3. Observing standard practices of hygiene in public catering

Question 97

Measures of public hygiene during catering, etc are particularly essential for diseases like ---- , ---- and ---- which are transmitted through ----

Answer 97

Typhoid, amoebiasis, ascariasis Food and water

Question 98

In case of air borne diseases like --- and ---, in addition to above methods.. one should avoid ----- with infected person or their ----

Answer 98

Pneumonia 🥶 and common cold ❄️ Close contact, belongings

Question 99

For disease like ---- and ---- that are transmitted through insect vectors.. the most imp measure is to ----

Answer 99

Malaria and filariasis Contol or eliminate the vectors and their breeding places

Question 100

For controlling vectors: 1. ---- should be avoided in and around residential areas 2. Regular cleaning of --- 3. Use of mosquito nets 4. Introducing fishes like ---- in ponds which feed on the ---- 5. Spraying of insecticides in ---,----,----- etc 6. Doors and windows hould be provided with ----

Answer 100

Stagnation of water Household coolers Gambusia, mosquito larvae Ditches, swamos, drainage area , etc Nets

Question 101

Precautions for control of vectors has become imp especially in the light of recent widespread of ,------ and ---- vector borne by

Answer 101

Chikungunya and dengue Aedes mosquito

Question 102

The advancements made in ----- have armed us to effectively deal with many infectious agents

Answer 102

Biological science 🔭🧪

Question 103

The use of vaccines and immunisation programmes have enabled us to completely eradicate a deadly disease like ----

Answer 103

Small pox

Question 104

Large no of other infectious diseases like ----,----,----,----- have been controlled to a large extent by use of vaccines

Answer 104

Diphtheria Pneumonia Polio Tetanus

Question 105

Biotechnology is at the verge of making ---- and ---- vaccines

Answer 105

Newer and safer

Question 106

Discovery of ---- and ---- have also enabled us to effectively treat infectious diseases

Answer 106

Antibiotics and other drugs