HH- drug and alcohol abuse Flashcards
1
Q
—- and —- show that use of drugs and alcohol has been on the rise especially among, which is a real cause of concern as it could result in ——
A
Survey and statistics
youth
many harmful effects
2
Q
Proper —- and —- would enable youth to safeguard themselves against these —– and follow healthy lifestyle
A
education and guidelines
dangerous behaviour patterns
3
Q
commonly abused drugs are
A
Opiods, cannabinoids, coca alkaloids
4
Q
majority of these drugs are obtained from —- and some from —-
A
flowering plant, fungi
5
Q
Opiods bind the specific opiod receptors in —- and—-
A
CNS and GIT
6
Q
Heroin (ex of opiods) is —-, —-, —– compound
A
white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound
7
Q
Morphine is obtained from —– of —–
A
latex of papaver somniferum (poppy plant)
8
Q
acetylation of morphine produces
A
heroin
9
Q
Heroin is a —- and —- body functions
A
depressant and slows down
10
Q
method of taking opiods
A
snorting and injection (Sin-j)
11
Q
cannabinoids are a group of chemical which interact with cannabinoid receptors present principally in
A
brain
12
Q
natural cannabinoids are obtained from —- of plant —-
A
inflorescences of Cannabis sativa
13
Q
the —-, —- and —- of cannabis are used in various combinations to produce —,—,— and—
A
flower tops, leaves and resin
marijuana, hashish, charas, ganja (mahacharganj)
14
Q
cannabinoids are taken through
A
inhalation and oral ingestion
15
Q
effects of cannabinoids seen on
A
cardiovascular system
16
Q
coca alkaloid/cocaine is obtained from coca plant —–, native to —–
A
erythroxylum coca
south AMERICA
17
Q
cocaine is commonly called
A
coke/crack
18
Q
cocaine is taken through
A
snorting
19
Q
cocaine has a potent stimulating action on —- producing a sense of — and —–
A
cns
euphoria and increased energy
20
Q
excessive dosage of —- causes hallucinations
A
cocaine
21
Q
well known plants with hallucinogenic props are
A
Atropa belladona, Datura
22
Q
These days, some sportsperson also abuse —-
A
cannabinoids
23
Q
Drugs like —,—-,— and other similar drugs that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illness like — and —– are often abused
A
barbiturates, amphetamines and benzodiazepines
depression and insomnia
24
Q
—- is a effective sedative and —-, hence useful in patients who —-
A
morphine, painkiller
have undergone surgery
25
several ---,--- and---- having hallucinogenic props have been used for ---- years in ----,----,---- all over the globe
plants, fruits and seeds hundreds
folk ceremonies, rituals and religious ceremonies
26
Def drug abuse
when drugs are taken for a purpose other than medicinal use or in amts/freqs that impairs one's PHYSICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL function
it constituTes drug abuse
27
---- also paves the way to hard drugs
smoking
28
tobacco has been used by humans for more than -----
400 years
29
tobacco is ---,--- or used as ----
chewed, smoked or
snuff
30
tobacco contains a large no of chemical subs, including---, a ----
nicotine, a alkaloid
31
nicotine stimulates ---- to release ---- and ---- in blood circ; both of which increases ----- and ----
adrenal gland
adrenaline and nor adrenaline
blood pressure and heart rate
32
smoking is associated with increased incidence of cancer of ---- (3)and (4)------
lung, urinary bladder, throat,
emphysema, gastric ulcer, bronchitis, coronary heart disease
33
tobacco chewing is associated with increased risk of --- cancer
oral cavity
34
smoking increases ---- content in blood and reduces the concentration of ------
this causes --- deficiency in the body
CO
haembound oxygen
O2
35
when one buys a packet of cigarettes, one cannot miss the ----- that is present in packing which warns against smoking and says how it is -----
statutory
injurious to health
36
Smoking is prevalent among
both- young and old
37
knowing the dangers of smoking, chewing tobacco and its ----- nature; the youth and old need to avoid these habits
addictive
38
any addict requires ----- to get rid of smoking habit
counselling and medical help
39
adolescence is-
both a period and process during which a child becomes mature in terms of their attitudes and beliefs for effective participation in society
40
adolescence is the age group bw
12-18 yrs of age
41
adolescence is a bridge linking ---- and ----
childhood and adulthood
42
adolescence is accompanied by several ---- and --- changes
biological and behavioural changes
43
adolescence is thus a ---- phase of ---- and ---- dev of an individual
vulnerable
mental and psychological
44
---, need for ----, and ---- are common causes which motivate youngsters toward drug and alcohol use
curiosity
adventure and excitement
experimentation
45
A childs natural ---- motivates them to experiment and is complicated further by effects that might be perceived as ----
curiosity
benefits of drug/alcohol use
46
the first use of drugs / alcohol might be out of curiosity or experimentation but later the child starts using this to -----
escape facing problems
47
of late, stress- ---- has played a significant role in persuading youngsters to try alcohols and drugs
from pressures to do well in academics or examinations
48
the perception among youngsters that it is ---- or ---- to smoke, use drugs or alcohols is also in a way, a major cause for youth to start these habits
cool or progressive
49
other factors associated with drug/alcohol abuse among adolescents are ---- and ------
unstable/unsupportive family strucs
peer pressure
50
because of the -----, drugs are freq used repeatedly
perceived benefits
51
the most imp thing which one fails to realise about drugs is the ----- of drugs and alcohol
inherant, addictive nature
52
def addiction
addiction is a psychological attachment to certain effects- such as euphoria and a temp feeling of well being- associated with alcohols and drugs
53
the effects of euphoria drive people to take alcohols and drugs when --- or even when
its not need
it becomes self destructive
54
with repeated use of drugs, the ---- of receptors present in the body increases
consequently receptors respond to only ---- alcohols and drugs leading to -----
tolerance level
high doses
higher intake
55
use of drugs even once can be ----
fore runner to addiction
56
the ---- of drugs pull the user into a --- circle leading to their regular use (abuse) from which they might not be able to get out
addicting potential
vicious
57
in absence of ----, a person gets addicted and becomes dependant on use of drugs
guidance or counselling
58
Define dependance
tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome, if regular doses of drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued
59
withdrawal symptoms include ----- which may be relieved when the use is resumed again
sweating, anxiety, shakiness, nausea
60
in some cases, withdrawal symptoms can be severe and even ---- and the person may need ---
life threatening
medical supervision
61
dependance leads the patient to ignore ----- in order to get sufficient ----
these result in many --- problems
all social norms
funds to satiate their needs
social adjustment
62
Immediate adverse effect of alcohol abuse are manifested in the form of ----, ---- and ----
reckless behaviour, vandalism and violence
63
excessive doses of drugs can lead to ----, --- due to ----, ----, ----
coma and death
respiratory failure, heart failure or cerebral hemorrhage
64
a combination of drugs or their intake with --- generally results in overdosing and even deaths
alcohol
65
the most common warning signs of drug and alcohol abuse in youth includes:
1. drop in ---
2. unexplained --- from school/college
3. lack of interest in ----
4. ----,
5. isolation,
6. depression,
7. ----,
8. aggressive and -- behaviour
9. deteriorating --- with family and friends
10. loss of ---
11. change in --- habits
12. fluctuations in weight/---
academic performance
absence
personal hygiene
withdrawal,
fatigue,
rebellious
relationships
interest in hobbies
sleeping/eating
apetite
66
there may even be some ---- implications of alcohol/drug abuse
if an abuser is unable to get money to buy drugs, they may turn to ----
far reaching
stealing
67
the adverse effects are not just restricted to person who is using these drugs. at times, a drug/alcohol addict becomes the cause of ----- and ---- distress to their --- and ----
mental and financial
entire family and friends
68
those who take drugs ---- are more likely to acquire serious infections like ---- and ----
intravenously
AIDs and Hepatitis B
69
the viruses which are resp for aids/hepatitis b are transferred from one person to the other by sharing of ----- and ----
infected needles and syringes
70
both aids and hepatitis b are ---- and ----
both can be transmitted through ---- or----
chronic infections and ultimately fatal
sexual contact or infected blood
71
the use of alcohol in adolescence may also have ----- effects like ----- in adulthood
long term effects
heavy drinking
72
chronic use of drugs and alcohol damages ---- and ----
nervous system
liver (cirrhosis)
73
use of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy adversely affects ----
foetus
74
another misuse of drugs is what certain ---- do to enhance their performance
sportspersons
75
sportsperson (mis)use ----, ----, ---- and certain ---- in sports to increase ----- and to promote ---- and as a result increase athletic
narcotic analgesics, anabolic steroids, diuretics and certain hormones
muscle strength and bulk and to promote aggressiveness
76
side effects of ANABOLIC STEROIDS on females:
1. masculinisation
2. increased aggressiveness
3. mood swings
4. depression
5. abnormal menstrual cycle
6. excessive hair growth on face and body
7. enlargement of clitoris
8. deeping of voice
77
side effects of ANABOLIC STEROIDS on males:
1. acne
2. increased aggressiveness
3. mood swings
4. depression
5. reduction in size of testicles
6. decreased sperm production
7. potential for kidney and liver dysfunction
8. breast enlargement
9. premature baldness
10. enlargement of prostate gland
78
the effects cause be anabolic steroids may be permanent on ---- use
prolonged
79
in adolescent male/female, severe body and facial ---- and premature closure of ---- of ----- may result in shunted growth
acne
growth centres of long bones
80
the age old --- of "-----" holds true here also
adage
prevention is better than cure
81
it is also true that habits like -----, ---- are taken up young age (more during adolescence)
smoking
taking drugs or alcohols
82
it is best to identify situations that may push an adolescent towards use of drug or alcohol and to take ----- well in time
in this regard, ---- and --- have spl responsibility
remedial measures
parents and teachers
83
parenting that combines high level of ---- and ---- has been associated with lower risk of substance (alcohol/drug/tobacco) abuse
nurturance and consistent discipline
84
Measures:
1. Avoid undue peer pressure
every child has her own choice and personality which should be ---- and ---. A child shouldnt be pushed unduly to perform beyond her ---- be it studies, sports or other activities
respected, nurtured
threshold limits
85
Measures
2. Education and counselling- " them to face problems and stress and to accept --- and ---- as a part of life. it would be worthwhile to channelize ----- into ---- like sports, reading, music, yoga and other extra curriculars
failure and disappointment
childs energy
healthy pursuits
86
Measures
3. seeking help from parents and peers- help should be sought immediately so that they can guide appropriately. Help may even be sought from close and trusted ----, besides getting proper advice to sort out problems this would also help them ----
friends
vent out their feelings of anxiety and guilt
87
Measures
4. looking for danger signs- alert parents and teachers need to look for and identify danger signs. even friends, if they find someone using drugs or alcohol shouldnt hesitate to bring in the notice of parents and teachers in --- of person concerned
Appropriate measure would then be req to diagnose the ---- and ----. this would help in initiating proper ----- steps
best interest
malady and underlying causes
remedial steps or treatment
88
Measures
5. Seeking professional and medical help- a lot of help is available in the form of highly qualified -----, ---- and ----- and --- programmes to help inds who have unfortunately got in the --- of drug/alcohol abuse. With such help, the affected ind with sufficient efforts and----, can get rid of the problem completely and lead a ---- and --- life
psychologist, psychiatrists, deaddiction and rehabilitation
quadmires
will power
completely normal and healthy life
89
dieases like ----- (5) are major cause of distress to humans
typhoid, CHOLERA, malaria, fungal infections on skin, pneumonia
90
vector borne disease like malaria, esp one by ---- if not treated, ----
Plasmodium falciparum
may prove fatal
91
antimicrobial subs are present in --- and --- that prevent entry of microbes
tears, saliva
92
many cancers are ---- if detected early and appropriate --- measures are taken
curable
therapeutic
