Human Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Carries the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus

A

Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and find nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Holds the male penis durning sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

When is the egg released?

A

On day 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and it passes along the fallopian tube to the uterus

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8
Q

Menstruation/period

A

The lining and a small amount of blood pass through the vagina (day-5)

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9
Q

Fertile period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant.

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40’s to early 50’s.

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

is where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

epididymis

A

is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully.

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14
Q

Vas deferens

A

(sperm duct) brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

produces seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim.

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16
Q

Penis

A

enters the female and ejaculates semen

17
Q

Puberty

A

describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

18
Q

Male puberty

A

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body
β€’ The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring

20
Q

Fertilisation

A

During intercourse the man’s penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the woman’s vagina
β€’ A mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluid called semen is released into the vagina
β€’ The sperm swim up the uterus and into the fallopian tubes

If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it
β€’ The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg
β€’ The woman is now pregnant

21
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilised egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the fallopian tubes to the uterus
β€’ This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embryo

22
Q

The stages of the baby durning pregnancy

A

β€’ Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
β€’ β†’ Zygote
β€’ Cell division occurs and growth
β€’ β†’ Embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human
β€’ β†’Foetus

β€’ The uterus lining does not break down so menstruation stops during pregnancy

23
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
β€’ As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
β€’ This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

24
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid

25
Q

umbilical cord

A

A tube that joins the embryo to the placenta

26
Q

Placenta

A

β€’ The placenta is rich in blood vessels
β€’ food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood
β€’ wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

27
Q

Labour

A

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract

28
Q

β€œwaters break”

A

The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vagina

29
Q

Afterbirth

A

The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after

30
Q

lactation

A

The production of breast milk

31
Q

Colostrum

A

The first three days of milk- very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection

32
Q

Natural methods of contraception

A

aims to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

33
Q

Artificial methods of contracept

A

prevents the sperm and egg meeting