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My Geography > HUMAN - Population > Flashcards

HUMAN - Population Flashcards

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1
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of people per square km (average)

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2
Q

What are the problems that will occur with a rapidly rising population?

A
  • Resources will run out
  • Improved and increasing medical care
  • Run out of housing
  • Increaed pollution
  • Disease will spread quickly
  • Not enough food
  • Effect the economy
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3
Q

What is the calculation for measuring population density?

A

Total population

Total land area in km²

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4
Q

What does working out the population density show?

A

Whether an area is densley or sparsley populated

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5
Q

Factors affecting population density: Factors encouraging settlement?

A
  • Climate
  • Job oppourtunities
  • Rural/Urban reference
  • Good education systems
  • Fertile soil
  • Flat terrain
  • Good supplies of natural resources
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6
Q

Factors affecting population density: Factors discouraging settlement

A
  • Bad terrain
  • Pollution
  • Social problems
  • Cost of living
  • Noise
  • Unattractive scenery
  • Customs & culture
  • Lack of resources
  • Extreme climated
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7
Q

Factors affecting population density: anagram?

A

SEEP

Social, Environmental, Economical and Political

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8
Q

What are the changes in population influenced by?

A

Birth rate, death rate and migration into or out of the area

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9
Q

What is birth rate?

A

The number of babies born per 1,000 people per year

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10
Q

What is the death rate?

A

The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year

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11
Q

What is migration?

A

Movement of people between countries

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12
Q

What is immigration?

A

The number of people entering a country

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13
Q

What is emmigration?

A

The number of people leaving a country

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14
Q

How has the worlds population grown? And what does this mean?

A

Exponentially

This means that the rate of growth has become increasingly rapid

Not only is the population increasing but the rte of increase is becoming greater

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15
Q

What is zero growth?

A

A population inbalance, BR is equal to DR so there is no increase or decrease

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16
Q

What is a natural increase in population?

A

When the BR exceeds the DR (more babies born that people dying)

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17
Q

What is a natural decrease in population?

A

When the DR exceeds the BR (more deaths than babies born)

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18
Q

What is natural change?

A

The difference between the BR and DR - expressed as a percentage

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19
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth

20
Q

How is population growth usually shown?

A

As a line graph

21
Q

Why do countries nowadays have a lower birth rate?

A
  • Better health care
  • More supplies
  • Having many people under the ages of 15 reduces the chance of death
  • DR in countries at further stages of development is slightly higher because the population is older
22
Q

What is a better indicator of development?

A

birth rate

23
Q

Factors affecting birth rate?

A
  • Jobs and wages
  • Religion
  • High infant mortality
  • Education
  • Stable family
  • Marriage age
  • Abortion
  • Whether people have a house or not
  • Government policy eg China
  • Avaliability of contraception
  • Tradiction and culture
  • Medical care avaliable
24
Q

Factors affecting death rate?

A
  • Natural disasters
  • Illness/disease
  • Cost of living
  • Medical care
  • Genocide
  • Lifestyle
  • Life expectancy
  • Supplies
  • Wars (etc)
  • Climate
25
Q

What is exponential growth?

A

A pattern where the growth rate contsantly increases, often shown as a J shaped curve

26
Q

LEARN THE DTM

A

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

27
Q

Issues from population growth in developing countries: In rural area

A

Environmental:

  • Overgrazing & over cultivation
  • Water, land & air pollution
  • Deforestation, land degradation, soil erosion & desertification
  • Shortage of clean water supplies

Social:

  • Lack of basic public services (sanitation, electricity, schools, clinics)
28
Q

Factors affecting population density: In urban areas

A

Evironmental:

  • Overcrowding & the growing pf shanty towns
  • Water, land and air pollution

Social:

  • Traffic congestion
  • Inadequate public services
29
Q

Factors affecting population density: In the country as a whole

A

Environmental:

  • Shortages of water, food and raw material

Social:

  • Low living standards and rising culture
  • Tension between different tribes and races

Economic:

  • Unemployment and underemployment
  • Lack of money for basic health care and schooling
  • Economy burdened by huge international debts

Political:

  • Unstable governments and political groups
30
Q

What is desertification?

A

Where land is turned into a desert as a reult of human activities, although climate hazards such as low rain-fall can make it worse

31
Q

Causes of desertification due to non-sustainable human activites?

A
32
Q

What is being done about desertification?

A

Many governments in LEDC’s how recognise high BR as a problem and have family planning and population policies in place

These policies vary from persuasion and incentives to strict laws reinforced by severe punishments

33
Q

Major factors affecting population growth?

A
  • Agricultural change
  • Urbanisation
  • Education
  • Emancipation of women
34
Q

Major factors affecting population growth: Agricultural change

A
  • Frees some workers for industry, more rapid economic growth

↓↑

  • Technology improves yields and saves labour
  • In the industrial revolution in the UK, bigger work forces needed so people has larger families. Soon technology advances reduced need for labour, making smaller families desirable
35
Q

Major factors affecting population growth: Urbanisation

A
  • Childrens labour is less valuable than in rural areas
  • Sekk better educationa; oppourtunities
  • Rural-to-urban migration common in poorer countries as theres believed to be better oppourtuities in the city
36
Q

Major factors affecting population growth: Education

A
  • Improved standards of living
  • AS levels of educational achievement increase
  • Children become an economic disadvantage
  • Fewer children means parents have more money to be spent on each one, gives them better future choices
  • Many parents in poorer countries see education as their childrens best chance in life
37
Q

Major factors affecting population growth: Emancipation of women

A
  • Equality is increased
  • Prejudice against women holding more senior positions at work has reduced
  • Women put off having children or don’t have them because there are many oppourtunities, this increases as the economy develops
  • Oppourtunities for girls
38
Q

What is population structure?

A

The population (of a country, city or area) broken down into age and gender

We can represent population by using a population pyramid

39
Q

Key for population pyramids: ↘

A

Slope of pyramid indicate the death rate

40
Q

Key for population pyramids: ↔

A

Width of the base is related to the birth rate/fertility rate

41
Q

Key of population pyramids: →

A

Proportions of men and women can suggest male or female migrations

42
Q

Key for population pyramids: ↕

A

Height of graph can indicate life expectancy, you would ignore the very thin end of the wedge, which is on the LEDC graph as it is a very small minority

43
Q

Key for population pyramids: dash version of ↗

A

‘kinks’ indicate dramatic reductions in BR or increases in DR in the past

44
Q

Key for population pyramids: ▉

A

The area of graph indicates the total population - compare areas of different population age group of difference sex on one graph

45
Q

Population pyramids: what does the horizontal axis show?

A

numbers/percentage of the population

46
Q

Population pyramids: what does the central vertical axis show?

A

Age categories

47
Q
A

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