Development Gap - Reducing Global Inequalities - Aid

Question 1

What is aid?

Answer 1

The transfer of goods, money and expertise from one country (the donor) to another (the recipient) to imprve the quiality of life of the reciever

Question 2

Why do LEDC’s need aid?

Answer 2

• They made have large trade deficits and they need to borrow money to buy goods from MEDC’s
• Aid is needed to improve standards of living (eg borrowing money to construct HEP dams)
• Many LEDC’s are prone to natural disasters and aid is needed for a short time to alleviate (make less severe) suffering
• Development indicators provide the evidence for a world in which there are great gaps between the rich and the poor - making aid necessary

Question 3

What are the two main sources of aid from donor countries? And what provides the money for this aid?

Answer 3

• The government - paid for by taxes
• NGO’s (non-governmental organisations) - paid for by voluntary donations

Question 4

What are the 2 ways in which donor governments can give aid to recipient countries?

Answer 4

Directly to the recipient - aka bileteral aid

Indirectly through an international organisation (eg UN) that distributes the aid - aka multilateral aid

Question 5

What does it mean if bilateral aid is ‘tied’?

Answer 5

It means it is given with a condition that the recipient country has to buy the goods and services it needs from the donor country

This helps the economy of the donor country, however if the goods and services are expensive in the donor country; the aid doesn’t go as far as it would if the goods and services were bought elsewhere

Question 6

Disadvantages of bilateral aid?

Answer 6

• Goods recieved may not be best suited to the real needs of people
• Often large scale project eg dams which are low in valie for ordinary people
• A trade promotion of finding a new over-seas market for the donor

Question 7

Advantages of Bilateral aid?

Answer 7

Trading relationships are established

Question 8

What is multilateral aid?

Answer 8

Richer countries give money to an international organisation (eg World Bank, International Monetary fund, UN)

They then redistribute it ot LEDC’s in need to fund development projects

Question 9

Advantages of multilateral aid?

Answer 9

• Pays more attention to development need
• Targets specific projects

Question 10

Disadvantages of miltilateral aid?

Answer 10

The organisations are huge and slow to react to peoples changing needs

Question 11

How can aid be classed as?

Answer 11

Short term or long term

Question 12

What is short-term aid?

Answer 12

Money or resources to help recipient countries cope with emergencies (eg earthquakes, war)

→ Attempts to relieve suffering

Question 13

Advantages of short term aid?

Answer 13

Provides a life line when most needed

Aids is appropriate to immidiate needs

Question 14

Disadvantages of short-term aid?

Answer 14

Aid only last as long as the emergency exists

Question 15

What is long-term aid?

Answer 15

Money or resources to help recipient countries become more developed (eg to improve heathcare)

→ improves standard of living and quality of life

→ increasingly self-sufficient and independant so that the need for aid is reduced

Question 16

What is long-term aid funded nd organised by?

Answer 16

NGO’s

Question 17

Advantages of long-term aid?

Answer 17

• NGO’s identify need to provide practical help
• Change is sustainable by locals so self-sufficiency increases and need for aid decreases
• Appropriate technology

Question 18

General advantage and disadvantage of aid between countries (for the countries)

Answer 18

Disadvantage - it costs donors money or resources

Advantage - recipients countries become donor’s political allies

Question 19

What is charitable aid?

Answer 19

Non-political aid, where charities (usually in MEDC’s) raise money through public appeals and charity shops etc to fund community based development projects which targets local needs

eg Wateraid, Oxfam, Farm Africa, Red Cross, Doctors without borders, Save the children

Question 20

Advantage of charitable aid?

Answer 20

• Projects are more likely to reach those in need
• Work closely with community-based organisations
• Aid is closely targeted on locals needs which makes it more effective
• Small scale appropriate projects

Question 21

Disadvantages of charitable aid?

Answer 21

Charities have no reliable source of income

Question 22

Why do some recipient countries not use aid efficiently?

Answer 22

Because they have a corrupt government - the government uses the money and resources to fund their lifestyle and pay for political events

Question 23

Some examples of long-term aid’s uses?

Answer 23

• Constructing schools to improve literacy rates
• Hospitals to reduce mortality rates
• Building dams and wells to improve clean water supplies (increases access to clean water)
• Providing farming knowledge and equipment to improve agriculture

Question 24

What is sustainable development?

Answer 24

Developing in a way that does irreversibly damage the environment or use up resrouces faster than they can be replaced

Question 25

How do international aid donors encourage sustainable development? And how is it sustainable?

Answer 25

• Invest in renewable energy, to reduce the use of fossil fuels

This reduces the environmental impact of using fossil fuels

• Educate people about their environmental impact

Reduces thing like air and water pollution

• Plant trees in areas that have been affected by deforestation

Makes sure there are still trees to use in the future