Human - Development Gap - Measures of development Flashcards
What is GDP (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
Gross Domestic Product
The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year (often given in US dollars)
It measures wealth
As a country develops it gets higher
What us GNI (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
Gross National Income - also called Gross National Product
The total value of goods and services people of that nationality produce every year (aka GDP + money from people living abroad)
It is often given in USD
It is a measure of wealth
As a country develops it gets higher
What is GNI per head (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The GNI divided by the population of a country
(sometimes called GNI per capita)
What is birth rate (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The number of (live) babies born per 1000 (of the population) per year
It measures womens rights
As a country develops this gets lower
What is death rate (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The number of deaths per 1000 (of the population) per year
It measures health
As a country develops it gets lower
What is infant mortality rate (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The number of babies who die before 1 years old, per 1000 per year
It measures health
As a country develops it gets lower
What is people per doctor (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The average number of people for each doctor
It measures health
As a country develops it gets higher
What is the literacy rate? (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The percentage of adults who can read and write
It measures education
It gets higher as a country develops
Access to water (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The percentage of people whpo can get clean drinking water
It measures health
It gets higher as a country develops
What is life expectancy (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
The average age a person can expect to live to (usually taken from birth)
It measures health
It gets higher as a country develops
What is HDI (what it is, what it measures and as a county develops; does it get higher or lower?)
Human Development Index
The number that is calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate, education levelandincome per capita
It measures lots of things
It gets higher as a country develops
What is correlation between these measures?
This means theres a relationship between them
eg countries with a high GNI uually have a low death rate and a high life expenctancy (because they have more money to spend onf healthcare)
Countries with a high percentage of people with access to clean water will have a lower infant mortality rate as fewer babies will die from waterbourne diseases
Why can measures have limitations when used on their own?
- They are an average, meaning they don’t show elite groups in the populations or variations within the country
eg if you looked at the GNI of Iran, it might seem quite developed because the GNI is quite high but in reality there are soom really rich and really poor people
Why shouldn’t measures be used on their own?
Because as a country develops, some aspects develop befoe others, so it might seem that a country’s more developed that it actually is
How can measures limitations be avoided?
By using more than one measure or using the HDI (which uses lots of measures)
