Human Physiology - The Blood System Flashcards
What are albumins?
protein soluble in water that transports molecules such as bilirubin, Ca and Mg
What is anemia?
not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin
What is the aorta?
main artery of the body; comes directly from the left atrium; carries oxygenated blood
What is an artery?
a type of vessel with a thick tunica media / muscle layer that assists in moving blood
What is the AV node?
nervous tissue located between the atria and the ventricles of the heart, conducts the eletrial impulse from the atria to the ventricles
What is the bicuspid valve?
mitral valve; allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle
What is blood pressure?
pressure the blood in the circulatory system; systolic pressure (when heart is contracting) and diastolic (when heart is relaxed)
What is bradycardia?
slow heart beat
What is coagulation?
blood clotting; blood turning from liquid to gel
What is diastole?
when heart is relaxed
What are erythrocytes?
red blood cells
What is fibrinogen?
protein present in blood plasma, produces fibrin when reacts with thrombin
What is heart rate?
heart beats per minute
What is hemoglobin?
protein that carries oxygen or CO2through the blood
What is hypertension?
high blood pressure
What is the left atrium?
top right quadrant of the heart, pumps blood into left ventricle
What is the left ventricle?
bottom right quadrant of the heart, pumps blood to body; larger than right ventricle
What are leukocytes?
white blood cells; responsible for fighting infection
What is the mitral valve?
AV valve
What is the myocardial infarction?
heart attack when blood flow is cut off from the heart causing tissue damage, usually blockage in the coronary artery
What is a pacemaker?
device placed in the chest to control abnormal heart rhythm
What are platelets?
disk shaped cell fragments involved in blood clotting
What is the pulmonary artery?
artery carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation
What is pulmonary circulation?
circulation of blood to and from the lungs
What is the pulmonary valve?
valve in between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
What is the pulmonary vein?
vein bringing oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium
What are the purkinje fibres?
nervous fibres located in the av bundle; send nerve impulse to cells in the ventricles to cause them to contract
What is the right atrium?
top left quadrant of the heart, sends blood to the right ventricle
What is the right ventricle?
bottom left quadrant of the heart; sends blood to the lungs for oxygenation
What is the SA node?
nervous fibres on the upper wall of the right atrium
What is the inferior / superior vena cava?
vein bringing deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium
What is systemic circulation?
movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back
What is systole?
part of heartbeat when muscles contract
What is systolic pressure?
pressure in blood vessels when heart beats
What is the tricuspid valve?
valve between right atrium and right ventricle, function is to prevent backflow
What is vasoconstriction?
when blood vessels contract to preserve heat; ie blood vessels at the end of your fingers when its cold out
What is vasodilation?
when blood vessels dilate to release heat; ie. face going read during exercise
What is a vein?
vessel carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart
What is a vessel?
tubular structure carrying blood through tissues and organs; 3 kinds (vein, capillary artery)
What are the layers of veins?
tunica intima, tunica externa
What are the layers of arteries?
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
How does blood move through veins if its moving against gravity?
valves stop backflow, nearby muscles push blood towards heart
What is the function of the circulatory system?
delivery of oxygen, nutrient molecules, hormones; removal of CO2, ammonia and metabolic waste
What are the components of blood?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets,
What is plasma?
liquid portion of blood consisting of water, salts and proteins. Finction is to transport nutrients, dissolved gasses, hormones, urea and antibodies.
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells; function is to transport oxygen and CO2, created in the bone marrow
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells; function is to fight infection; formed in bone marrow
What are the two types of leukocytes?
phagocytes and lymphocytes
What are platelets?
fragments of white blood ells that circulate through the body; create blood clots at the sight of injury
What are the 3 kinds of blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries, veins
What are the phases of the EKG?
P wave
QRS
T wave
What causes the p wave?
atrial systole
What causes QRS?
ventricular systole
What causes the t wave?
ventricular diastole
How does blood travel through the heart?
- blood flows into the atria from the veins
- The atria contract, forcing atrio - ventricular valves to open
- Blood is forced through the open valves into the ventricles
- The walls of the ventricle contract powerfully, increasing the pressure within the ventricles
- pressure forces the atrio - ventricular valves to close, and the semi - lunar valves to open
- blood under pressure is forced into the arteries
- the atria begin filling again
What is the cascade reaction for blood clotting?
prothrombin –> thrombin
l
fibrinogen –> fibrin
fibrin + clotting factors make clot
