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IB Biology 20 > Human Physiology - The Blood System > Flashcards

Human Physiology - The Blood System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are albumins?

A

protein soluble in water that transports molecules such as bilirubin, Ca and Mg

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2
Q

What is anemia?

A

not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin

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3
Q

What is the aorta?

A

main artery of the body; comes directly from the left atrium; carries oxygenated blood

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4
Q

What is an artery?

A

a type of vessel with a thick tunica media / muscle layer that assists in moving blood

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5
Q

What is the AV node?

A

nervous tissue located between the atria and the ventricles of the heart, conducts the eletrial impulse from the atria to the ventricles

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6
Q

What is the bicuspid valve?

A

mitral valve; allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

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7
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

pressure the blood in the circulatory system; systolic pressure (when heart is contracting) and diastolic (when heart is relaxed)

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8
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

slow heart beat

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9
Q

What is coagulation?

A

blood clotting; blood turning from liquid to gel

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10
Q

What is diastole?

A

when heart is relaxed

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11
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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12
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

protein present in blood plasma, produces fibrin when reacts with thrombin

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13
Q

What is heart rate?

A

heart beats per minute

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14
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

protein that carries oxygen or CO2through the blood

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15
Q

What is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure

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16
Q

What is the left atrium?

A

top right quadrant of the heart, pumps blood into left ventricle

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17
Q

What is the left ventricle?

A

bottom right quadrant of the heart, pumps blood to body; larger than right ventricle

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18
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells; responsible for fighting infection

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19
Q

What is the mitral valve?

A

AV valve

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20
Q

What is the myocardial infarction?

A

heart attack when blood flow is cut off from the heart causing tissue damage, usually blockage in the coronary artery

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21
Q

What is a pacemaker?

A

device placed in the chest to control abnormal heart rhythm

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22
Q

What are platelets?

A

disk shaped cell fragments involved in blood clotting

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23
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

artery carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation

24
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

circulation of blood to and from the lungs

25
Q

What is the pulmonary valve?

A

valve in between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

26
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

vein bringing oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium

27
Q

What are the purkinje fibres?

A

nervous fibres located in the av bundle; send nerve impulse to cells in the ventricles to cause them to contract

28
Q

What is the right atrium?

A

top left quadrant of the heart, sends blood to the right ventricle

29
Q

What is the right ventricle?

A

bottom left quadrant of the heart; sends blood to the lungs for oxygenation

30
Q

What is the SA node?

A

nervous fibres on the upper wall of the right atrium

31
Q

What is the inferior / superior vena cava?

A

vein bringing deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium

32
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back

33
Q

What is systole?

A

part of heartbeat when muscles contract

34
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

pressure in blood vessels when heart beats

35
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A

valve between right atrium and right ventricle, function is to prevent backflow

36
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

when blood vessels contract to preserve heat; ie blood vessels at the end of your fingers when its cold out

37
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

when blood vessels dilate to release heat; ie. face going read during exercise

38
Q

What is a vein?

A

vessel carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart

39
Q

What is a vessel?

A

tubular structure carrying blood through tissues and organs; 3 kinds (vein, capillary artery)

40
Q

What are the layers of veins?

A

tunica intima, tunica externa

41
Q

What are the layers of arteries?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

42
Q

How does blood move through veins if its moving against gravity?

A

valves stop backflow, nearby muscles push blood towards heart

43
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

A

delivery of oxygen, nutrient molecules, hormones; removal of CO2, ammonia and metabolic waste

44
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets,

45
Q

What is plasma?

A

liquid portion of blood consisting of water, salts and proteins. Finction is to transport nutrients, dissolved gasses, hormones, urea and antibodies.

46
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells; function is to transport oxygen and CO2, created in the bone marrow

47
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White blood cells; function is to fight infection; formed in bone marrow

48
Q

What are the two types of leukocytes?

A

phagocytes and lymphocytes

49
Q

What are platelets?

A

fragments of white blood ells that circulate through the body; create blood clots at the sight of injury

50
Q

What are the 3 kinds of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins

51
Q

What are the phases of the EKG?

A

P wave
QRS
T wave

52
Q

What causes the p wave?

A

atrial systole

53
Q

What causes QRS?

A

ventricular systole

54
Q

What causes the t wave?

A

ventricular diastole

55
Q

How does blood travel through the heart?

A
  1. blood flows into the atria from the veins
  2. The atria contract, forcing atrio - ventricular valves to open
  3. Blood is forced through the open valves into the ventricles
  4. The walls of the ventricle contract powerfully, increasing the pressure within the ventricles
  5. pressure forces the atrio - ventricular valves to close, and the semi - lunar valves to open
  6. blood under pressure is forced into the arteries
  7. the atria begin filling again
56
Q

What is the cascade reaction for blood clotting?

A

prothrombin –> thrombin
l
fibrinogen –> fibrin
fibrin + clotting factors make clot

IB Biology 20 (8 decks)

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