Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB Biology 20 > Human Physiology - Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Human Physiology - Gas Exchange Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a type 1 pneumocyte?

A

cells responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a type 2 pneumocyte?

A

cells that secrete surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is surfactant?

A

substance secreted by type 2 pneumocytes that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar cells from collapsing on each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is inspiration?

A

breathing in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is expiration?

A

breathing out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the internal intercostal muscles?

A

inner muscles between ribs that cause the rib cage to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the external intercostal muscles?

A

outer muscles in between robs that cause the rib cage to expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are chemoreceptors in respiration?

A

cells that detect the variation of oxygen and CO2 in arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

protein responsible for transporting oxygen or CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is total lung capacity?

A

the total capacity of air your lungs can hold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

the greatest possible volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is residual volume?

A

amount of air left in the lungs after a forced expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

difference between volumes after a normal inhalation and a normal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after normal expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

maximum amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement from high concentration to low concentration

17
Q

What is carbonic anhydrase?

A

enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of dissolved bicarbonates and carbon dioxide

18
Q

What is the nasopharynx?

A

piece of pharynx connected to the nasal cavity; connects to the oropharynx

19
Q

What is the oropharynx

A

piece of pharynx connected to the oral cavity; connects to the nasopharynx

20
Q

What is the trachea?

A

tube reinforced with rings of cartilage connecting larynx to bronchus

21
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

piece of cartilage that separates the wind pipe and esophagus when swallowing

22
Q

What are the bronchi?

A

branches off the major air passages to the lungs

23
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

minute branches of the bronchi

24
Q

What are the alveolus?

A

tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

25
Q

What is the respiratory epithelium?

A

epithelium lining the respiratory tract, meant to moisten and protect airways

26
Q

How does gas exchange of oxygen happen between the alveoli and the blood stream?

A

pressure differentiation, low pressure of oxygen in the blood and high pressure in the alveoli

27
Q

How does gas exchange of carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood stream?

A

high pressure of carbon dioxide on hemoglobin, low pressure of carbon dioxide in the alvoli

28
Q

How is energy released from organic molecules?

A

energy released from breaking bonds is used to make ATP

29
Q

What is the oxyhemoglobin curve?

A

describes relationship between oxygen saturation in blood and pressure of oxygen in the blood to determine hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen

30
Q

How does a change in pH impact the oxyhemoglobin curve?

A

decrease in pH makes curve shift right

31
Q

How does change in temperature impact the oxyhemoglobin curve?

A

increase in temperature makes curve shift right

32
Q

What is the chloride shift?

A

exchange of bicarbonate and chloride onto hemoglobin

33
Q

What is acclimation to a higher altitude?

A

oxygen has less pressure at a higher altitude, so body produces more red blood cells to carry oxygen, to account for this

IB Biology 20 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions