Cell Biology

Question 1

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Phospholipid bi-layer separating a cell from its environment creating homeostasis; found in both plant cells and animals cells; allows endo/exocytosis and the creation of vesicles;

Question 2

What is the cell wall?

Answer 2

rigid to semi-rigid wall surrounding plasma membrane’ contains pores to allow passage of cells in and out

Question 3

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 3

Organelle only found in plant cells; where cells convert sunlight into usable energy

Question 4

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

Fluid in which all organelles sit; contains enzymes for catalysing chemical reactions of metabolism;

Question 5

What is differentiation?

Answer 5

changing from one cell type to another; typically becoming more specialized

Question 6

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis

Question 7

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 7

one cell with specialized organelles; it is believed that organelles were also originally prokaryotes but were swallowed by other prokaryotes

Question 8

What is the flagella?

Answer 8

folds within the mitochondrion

Question 9

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 9

phospholipid bi-layer

Question 10

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

involved in secretion and intracellular transport; surrounded by many vesicles

Question 11

What does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 11

Likes water

Question 12

What does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 12

Dislikes water

Question 13

What is the lysosome?

Answer 13

membrane bound sac of enzymes that digest particles the cell thinks are harmful

Question 14

What is the mitochondrion?

Answer 14

“powerhouse of the cell”; where cellular respiration occur to produce usable ATP for the cell;

Question 15

What does multicellular mean?

Answer 15

Many cells acting together for a common cause that have specialized

Question 16

What is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 16

double membrane surrounding nucleolus

Question 17

What is the nucleus?

Answer 17

Where DNA is stored and where rNA synthesizes proteins

Question 18

What is the phospholipid bi-layer?

Answer 18

membrane consisting of phosphorus heads attached to lipid tails; lipid tails connect to each other to make a membrane; lipid layer is hydrophobic

Question 19

What are pili?

Answer 19

Small hairs on the outside of a prokaryotic cell that contribute to movement

Question 20

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 20

primitive cell which lacks membrane bound organelles

Question 21

What are 70S ribsosomes vs 80S ribosomes?

Answer 21

sites of protein synthesis (70S scattered throughout cytoplasm rather than in rough ER)

Question 22

What is specialization?

Answer 22

Cells that have differentiated in structure and function.

Question 23

What are stem cells?

Answer 23

Cells that have not specialized to perform a specific task (ie. liver cells, muscle cell); can be used in medical application to replace damaged tissue;

Question 24

What does unicellular mean?

Answer 24

One cell

Question 25

What is the vacuole?

Answer 25

largest organelle (2/3 of the space in plant cells); stores nutrients;

Question 26

What are vesicles?

Answer 26

membrane bound sac used for transportation

Question 27

What is the calculation for total magnification?

Answer 27

total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 28

What is the calculation for magnification?

Answer 28

size of the image / actual size of specimen

Question 29

What is the calculation for length of specimen?

Answer 29

length of specimen = size of image / magnification

Question 30

What is plasmid?

Answer 30

small circular pieces of naked DNA in addition to main chromosome of prokaryotic cells

Question 31

What is the nucleoid?

Answer 31

region of prokaryote cytoplasm where main chromosome and plasmid are found.