Human Nutrition Flashcards
Define vitamin
A group of organic compounds that are required in small quantities
Overconsumption of sugar causes
Obesity
CHD
Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes
Rotten teeth
Overconsumption of fat causes
Weight gain
Cholesterol
Hypertension
CHD
Heart attack
Overconsumption of meat cause
Constipation
Weight gain
Hypertension
Overconsumption of meat cause
Constipation
Weight gain
Hypertension
Overconsumption of salt cause
Hypertension
Strokes
Osteoporosis
Stomach cancer
Kidney disease
Define Starvation
Not getting sufficient food
Kwashiorkor
Severe protein deficiency
Loss of muscle mass
Enlarged tummy
Brittle hair
Maramus
Severe protein energy defiance
Abnormally thin and weak
Problems that contribute to famine or starvation
Unequal distribution of food
Drought and flooding
Increasing population
How to calculate Body Mass Index
BMI= body mass/ height squared
Define malnutrition
Not eating a balanced diet
Diet of nutrients is not enough or to much
Scurvy
Diefiency of Vitamin C
Swollen bleeding gums
Easy bruising
Loose teeth
Why do you bruise easily when you have scurvy
Scurvy weakens blood vessel walls
Obesity
Excessive food intake
Lack of physical activity
Hypertension
CHD
Type 2 diabetes
Cancer
Depression
Constipation and colon cancer
Low fibre diet and dehydration
Fewer that 3 bowl movements per week
Faceas is dry and hard
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary arteries that supply your heart muscle with blood, O2 and nutrients become damaged
Caused by high blood cholesterol
Define a balanced diet
A diet which contains all the 7 food groups or nutrients in the correct quality and quantity for growth and repair to stay healthy and to provide energy.
Growing children need…
More protein
Extra calcium
Carbs for energy
Puberty and adolescence need…
More protein for hormones
Iron for girls (menstruation)
Calcium for boys (thickening bones)
Elders need…
Calcium and Vitamin (prevent osteoporosis)
Vitamin C supplements
Less carbs
Less protein
Why do pregnant women need extra protein?
Growth of the fetus
Why do pregnant women need extra calcium?
Bones and teeth of the fetus
Also breastmilk
Why do pregnant women need extra iron?
Collagen for the fetus
Why do pregnant women need extra Vitamin A?
Embryonic development
Why do pregnant women need extra fibre?
Prevent constipation
Prevent gestational diabetes
Why do pregnant women need extra folic acid?
Development of brain and spinal chord
Causes of Vitamin A deficiency
Excessive intake of alcohol
Diet consisting mainly of rice
Effects: Night blindness, dry skin
Causes of Vitamin D deficiency
No exposure to sunlight
Effects: Rickets, osteoporosis
Causes of Iodine deficiency
Inadequate intake of salt and seafood
Effects: Goitre
Causes of Iron deficiency
Blood loss
Vitamin C deficiency
Effects: Aneamia
Causes of Calcium deficiency
Inadequate intake of Calcium and Vitamin D
Effects: Rickets
