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biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Define monomer

A

A basic unit that can be bonded with othe basic units to form a macromolecule

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2
Q

Define disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharide molecules chemically bonded together by a glucosidic bond.

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3
Q

Define polymer

A

Large molecule formed by bonding smaller basic units called monomers

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4
Q

Define dipeptide

A

Two amino acids chemically binded by a peptide bond

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5
Q

Define Polypeptide

A

More than two amino acids are chemically bonded to form a peptide chain

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6
Q

Carbohydrates monomer

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Carbohydrates bond

A

Glycosidic bonds

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8
Q

Name the 3 types of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide
Dissacharides
Polysaccharide

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9
Q

3 types of simple sugars or monosaccharide

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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10
Q

3 types of dissacharides

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

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11
Q

3 types of polysaccharides

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

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12
Q

Where is Starch found

A

Plants

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13
Q

Where is cellulose found

A

The cell wall of plants

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14
Q

Where is Glycogen found

A

In animal liver and muscles

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15
Q

Role of carbohydrates in living organisms

A
  1. Source of energy
  2. Cellulose is used to build cell walls
  3. Glucose is transported in blood around the body
  4. Starch is insoluble and can easily be broken down
  5. Glycogen is stored in liver and muscles
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16
Q

Lipids monomer

A

3 fatty acids
Glycerol

17
Q

Lipids bonds

A

Ester bonds

18
Q

Role of fats in a living organisms

A
  1. Source of energy
  2. Insulating layer
  3. Protect vital organs
  4. Make up the waxy cuticle in plants to prevent water loss
  5. Structural component of the cell membrane
19
Q

Name the insulating layer of fat

A

Blubber

20
Q

Proteins monomer

A

Amino acids

21
Q

Protein bonds

A

Peptide bonds

22
Q

Role of proteins in living organisms

A
  1. Source of energy
  2. Enzymatic role
  3. Support (collogen)
  4. Transport (haemoglobin)
  5. Antibodies
23
Q

Monomer for DNA

A

Nucleotides

24
Q

Nucleotides consist out of

A

Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Hydrogen bond
Phosphate

25
Q

Chemical bases of DNA

A

A&T
C&G

26
Q

DNA bonds

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

27
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Two strands coiled together to form a double helix

28
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

29
Q

Role of water in living organisms

A
  1. Solvent
  2. Transport
    Eg. Blood plasma 99% water transports nutrients
  3. Transport metabolic waste
  4. Solvent for mineral salts

biology (6 decks)

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