Human Movement Flashcards
Eccentric movement
Tension while lengthening (“negative”); Decelerates or reduces force
Isotonic action
Force is produced, and movement occurs through a given range of motion
Concentric action
Movement occurs in the direction of force; accelerates or produces force
Isometric action
No visible movement with or against resistance; dynamically stabilizes force
isokinetic action
speed of movement is fixed and resistance varies with force exerted (requires sophisticated equipment)
Muscles coupled for trunk rotation
internal and external obliques
muscles coupled for upward rotation of the scapula
upper trapezius and lower serratus anterior
muscles coupled to produce hip and knee extension during walking/running/stair climbing, etc.
gluteus maximus, quadriceps, and calf muscles
muscles coupled for plantarflexion at the foot and ankle complex
gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, and tibialis posterior
muscles coupled for shoulder abduction
deltoid and rotator cuff
motor behavior
motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
motor control
how the CNS integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response
motor learning
integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements
motor development
the change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan
First degree lever and example joint
Fulcrum in the middle, like a seesaw
example = nodding the head
second class lever and example joint
resistance in the middle with fulcrum at one end and effort on opposite end, like a wheelbarrow.
example = calf raise or full body pushup
third class lever
effort is in the middle with fulcrum at one end and resistance at the other
example = forearm and biceps action (and most limbs)
Saggital plane and motion
(splits right and left)
motion = flexion/extension (forward and back movements)
axis = coronal
Frontal plane and motion
(splits front and back)
motions = adduction/abduction, lateral flexion, eversion/inversion (side to side movements)
axis = anterior-posterior
Transverse plane and motion
(splits top and bottom)
motion = internal/external rotation, left/right rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction (rotational and diagonal movements)
squat muscle synergies *
quads, hams, glutes
Shoulder press muscle synergies *
delts, rotator cuff, traps
external feedback
informationprovided by some external source, such as a health/fitness professional, video, mirror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment
