Human Movement

Question 1

Eccentric movement

Answer 1

Tension while lengthening (“negative”); Decelerates or reduces force

Question 2

Isotonic action

Answer 2

Force is produced, and movement occurs through a given range of motion

Question 3

Concentric action

Answer 3

Movement occurs in the direction of force; accelerates or produces force

Question 4

Isometric action

Answer 4

No visible movement with or against resistance; dynamically stabilizes force

Question 5

isokinetic action

Answer 5

speed of movement is fixed and resistance varies with force exerted (requires sophisticated equipment)

Question 6

Muscles coupled for trunk rotation

Answer 6

internal and external obliques

Question 7

muscles coupled for upward rotation of the scapula

Answer 7

upper trapezius and lower serratus anterior

Question 8

muscles coupled to produce hip and knee extension during walking/running/stair climbing, etc.

Answer 8

gluteus maximus, quadriceps, and calf muscles

Question 9

muscles coupled for plantarflexion at the foot and ankle complex

Answer 9

gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, and tibialis posterior

Question 10

muscles coupled for shoulder abduction

Answer 10

deltoid and rotator cuff

Question 11

motor behavior

Answer 11

motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Question 12

motor control

Answer 12

how the CNS integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

Question 13

motor learning

Answer 13

integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements

Question 14

motor development

Answer 14

the change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan

Question 15

First degree lever and example joint

Answer 15

Fulcrum in the middle, like a seesaw

example = nodding the head

Question 16

second class lever and example joint

Answer 16

resistance in the middle with fulcrum at one end and effort on opposite end, like a wheelbarrow.
example = calf raise or full body pushup

Question 17

third class lever

Answer 17

effort is in the middle with fulcrum at one end and resistance at the other
example = forearm and biceps action (and most limbs)

Question 18

Saggital plane and motion

Answer 18

(splits right and left)
motion = flexion/extension (forward and back movements)
axis = coronal

Question 19

Frontal plane and motion

Answer 19

(splits front and back)
motions = adduction/abduction, lateral flexion, eversion/inversion (side to side movements)
axis = anterior-posterior

Question 20

Transverse plane and motion

Answer 20

(splits top and bottom)
motion = internal/external rotation, left/right rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction (rotational and diagonal movements)

Question 21

squat muscle synergies *

Answer 21

quads, hams, glutes

Question 22

Shoulder press muscle synergies *

Answer 22

delts, rotator cuff, traps

Question 23

external feedback

Answer 23

informationprovided by some external source, such as a health/fitness professional, video, mirror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment