HUMAN MICROBIOME Flashcards
microbiome
totality of microbes, their genomes and environmental interaction in a defined environment
microbiota
microbes that typically inhabit a specific environment
superoragnisms
human+microbiota - coevolution
how many human to bacterial cells
10x more bacterial cells than human cells
10^13 humans and 10^14 bacterial
antibiotics strip the gut microbiota
2 yrs to replace
Gut microbes immune regulationn
remove toxins, crown out pathogens and detox metabolites
Gut microbes birth
colonisation begins
Gut microbes antibiotics
remove the good and the bad
exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy
increases the risk of developing an allergic disease
internal tissues - exception
gnotobiotic,
herpes zoster virus lives in the CNS
affects which microbes colonise where
pH, temperature and moisture
skin microbiota
staphylococci and diphtheroids
hygiene hypothesis
less exposure to infectious agents at a young age increases the chance of developing an allergic disease
spikes at varying times over last 120 year - showing different contributing factors
David Strachan
proposed that lower incidence of infection at a young age causes a rise in atopic diseases such as eczthma and asthma
delphi techniquie
relies on people having knowledge and also good judgement - qualitative technique
1980s
dramatic increase in food poisoning due to salmonella nd campyobacter
infectious intestinal disease cases in UK annually
17 million
norovirus
spread person - person, most significant cause of intestinal infection in the developed world
respiratory hygiene
wash hands to stop cold a flu spreading
% people developing a HCAI in developed countries
7%
MRSA, C.diff, pseudomonas and e.coli
most susceptible to HCAI
elderly, invasive devices and immunocomprmised
norovirus and E.coli 0157 :H7
low infectious doses
Old friends hypothesis
vital exposure to commensal microbes which aren’t harmful which are acquired from skin, gut and rest system of other humans
hunter gather groups
helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis A virus - activated immunoregulatory systems
epidemiological studies in finland, denmark and uk
show that childhood infections don’t protect us against allergic disorders
studies show that OFs are
vital to help balance our immune system so that it doesn’t over react
polyphenols and fish oils
help to regulate our gut microbiota
hygiene is irrelevant to
micro biome distribution
micro biome distribution is altered through
diet and antibiotics ….
smart medicine
smart antibiotics, microbial transplant and personalised biomarkers
