gut micro biome and metabolism

Question 1

% of the bodies microbes live in the GI tract

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

2 main phyla in the GI tract

Answer 2

bacteriodets and firmicutes

Question 3

abundance of bacteria increases from

Answer 3

stomach to colon

Question 4

gnotobiotic

Answer 4

no microbies

Question 5

gnotobiotic mice experiment

Answer 5

put a micro biome into the mice - more firmicutes mice were fatter and there was lower energy in the faeces

Question 6

dieting in humans affect on the microbiota

Answer 6

increase in bacteriodetes - correlates with the change in weight loss

Question 7

IBD

Answer 7

churns disease + ulcerative colitis

- recurrent intestinal inflammation of an unknown cause

Question 8

Nod2 receptor

Answer 8

peptidoglycan

3 polymorphism associated with Nod2 - each reduces activation of NF-kB in response to bacterial peptidoglycan

Question 9

Nod2 is required for

Answer 9

optimal defensive expression

-antimicrobial peptides

Question 10

faecalibacterium

Answer 10

promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the productions of pro-wnflamatory cytokines

Question 11

faecalibacterium in chrons disease

Answer 11

loss of faecallibacterium prausnikii

Question 12

faecallibacterium prausnikii anti-inflammatory properties

Answer 12

due to an unknown protein - 15kDa - which inhibits the NF-kB pathway in intestinal epithelial cells

Question 13

lactobacillus and B. breve

Answer 13

lipid lowering properties - links with lower adiposity and weight loss

Question 14

C. coccidoes

Answer 14

decreased = decreased weight

Question 15

intestinal microbiota synthesis vitamins

Answer 15

B12, Pyridoxal phosphate (active B6) and vitamins K

Question 16

active vitamin B6 is involved in

Answer 16

the clotting cascade - interactions with warfararin?