Azalea resistance

Question 1

efflux families (2) in candida

Answer 1

CDR - ATP cassette superfamily

MDR - major facilitator class

Question 2

up regulation of which genes leads to azole resistance

Answer 2

CDR, CDR2, MDC

Question 3

target site alteration

Answer 3

mutation in ERG 11 - gene encoding 14a sterol demethylase - prevents azaleas binding to the enzymatic site

Question 4

upregulation

Answer 4

ERG11 - increased transcription rate of 14a sterol demethylase - higher MIC

Question 5

bypass pathway

Answer 5

mutation in ERG3 (also polyene resistance) - prevents the need for ergosterol/ 14a sterol demethylase in ergosterol synthesis as it is replaced with 14a methylfeosterol