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Envi Sci > Human Health > Flashcards

Human Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the miasma theory of disease

A

Diseases are caused by poisonous vapor/mist from particles of decomposed matter

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2
Q

Bleeding a patient to restore humor balance

A

Bloodletting

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3
Q

Icy cold water applied to draw blood away from source of injury

A

Water cure

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4
Q

Germ theory of disease

A

Disease caused by microorganisms too small to see

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5
Q

Conditions for non-transmittable disease

A

Not caused by living organism

Not contagious

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6
Q

Types of microorganism that can cause disease

A

Uni and multi cellular, prokaryote, eukaryote

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7
Q

Parasites are

A

Eukar, uni or multi

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8
Q

How parasites cause disease by

A

Extracting resource from host

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9
Q

Fungi are

A

Euk, multi

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10
Q

Protozoa are

A

euk uni

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11
Q

Deadliest protozoa caused by

A

Plasmodium

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12
Q

Bacteria are

A

prok, uni

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13
Q

Viruses are

A

not cells, but non-living particles made from core of RNA surrounded by protein coat

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14
Q

Prions are

A

Proteins with abnormal shape

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15
Q

Human form of mad cow disease

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

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16
Q

Emergent diseases are

A

Not previously known but has reemerged

17
Q

For parasites what is resistance

A

Ability to survive after exposure

18
Q

Why does bacteria have high resistance

A

small size, reproduce quickly, mutation gives resistance

19
Q

One is toxic when

A

can case tempo or permanent harm or death to organism

20
Q

Mutagens

A

damage DNA, increase mutations

21
Q

Teratogens

A

birth defects in unborn fetus

22
Q

Carcino example

A 
Formaldehyde
UV radiation
Tobacco smoke
Arsenic
Benzene
23
Q

Terato example

A

lead
ethanol
benzene
mercury

24
Q

What neurotoxins do and exaple

A

disrupt function of brain, sc and nerves

Hg, Pb

25
Q

Interferes with normal chemical messengers of body

A

Endocrine Hormone Disruptors

26
Q

Hormone mimic found in many plastics

A

BPA

27
Q

Measure of how harmful a substance is to living org

A

Toxicity

28
Q

Water soluble toxins

A

pass thru body via kidney easily

29
Q

Oil soluble toxins

A

pass thru cells and tissues, accumulates

30
Q

chemicals that dont degrade easily and may have long term effects have

A

high persistence

31
Q

Higher persistence =

A

higher biomagnification

32
Q

What is biomagnification

A

Substance goes up food chain, accumulates higher

33
Q

What is the chemical’s LD50

A

dose that will kill 50% of pop

34
Q

Lower LD50 =

A

Deadlier toxins

35
Q

Generally acceptable risks

A

High prob, low sev

Low prob, high sev

36
Q

What risk assessment estimates

A

likeliness or severity of a hazard to human health

Envi Sci (9 decks)

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