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Envi Sci > Biomes > Flashcards

Biomes Flashcards

1
Q

2 significant abiotic factors that influence a biome

A

temperature and precipitation

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2
Q

The distance away from the equator

A

Latitude

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3
Q

How does increase in latitude affect the temp?

A

average temp tends to decrease

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4
Q

The elevation from sea level

A

altitude

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5
Q

As the altitude goes up

A

Temp decreases

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6
Q

how do mountains influence precipitation distribution

A

as warm air goes up, air cools, and moisture condenses. So the windward side gets more precipitation than the leeward side

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7
Q

Windward side having more precipitation than the leeward side is called

A

the rainshadow effect

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8
Q

biomes near a large body of water usually have

A

more precipitation and milder, more stable temperature

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9
Q

water gains and loses ___ more ____ than air

A

heat, slowly

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10
Q

temp and precipi graph of a given biome

A

climatograph

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11
Q

the average precipitation in the are is displayed as a

A

bar graph

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12
Q

average monthly temperature is showed as a

A

line graph

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13
Q

Lowest moisture levels of all ecosystem

A

desert

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14
Q

major limiting factor of deserts

A

lack of water, lack of plants

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15
Q

usually located in the interior of continents

A

subtropical deserts

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16
Q

this rainshadow desert is on the leeward side of the himalayan mountains

A

Gobi Desert

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17
Q

driest place on earth outside antarctica

A

Atacama desert in Chile

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18
Q

The Atacama is what kind of desert

A

Coastal

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19
Q

What causes Coastal deserts?

A

Body of water cools air so much, can’t handle moisture well

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20
Q

this mountain causes a rain shadow effect on atacama

A

andes mountain

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21
Q

these deserts fall in higher latitudes bet 40 and 60 degrees

A

midlatitude or temperate deserts

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22
Q

example of temperate desert

A

sonoran desert in sw usa

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23
Q

these plants usually found in temperate deserts have thickened fleshy parts for storing water

A

Succulent plants

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24
Q

consistently experience temperatures below freezing

A

polar deserts`

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25
Q

more precipi and cooler temps than deserts

A

Grasslands

26
Q

tropical grasslands or ____ are usually located

A

savannas. near equator, usually bet deserts and rainforest biomes

27
Q

temperate grasslands called ___ in NA are ____ from equator experiences sts

A

prairies, farther, seasonal temp shifts

28
Q

how do prairie plants adapt to colder tempts and less precipi

A

root systems can be several feet deep

29
Q

polar grasslands ____ are usually…

A

Tundra, below freezing

30
Q

besides the top layer of soil that can support plants, beneath is

A

permafrost

31
Q

during a few months of growing season which plants only grow

A

lichens, herbs, and other small plants

32
Q

forests can support hardwood trees bc

A

more consistent precipi

33
Q

receive the most amount of rainfall and is consistently warm

A

tropical rainforests

34
Q

4 layers of rainforests

A

Emergent Layer
Canopy
Understory
Forest Floor

35
Q

Usually contains fruits and leaves of trees

A

Canopy and Emergent layer

36
Q

Animal life usually found in

A

Canopy

37
Q

Understory only receives _% of sunlight from canopy

A

5

38
Q

US contains

A

shrubs, seedlings, and other animals

39
Q

Darkest layer contains

A

FF decomposers like insect, larvae, fungi

40
Q

Topsoil is very thing bc

A

although rapid decomposition, nutrients are reabsorbed quickly

41
Q

What lead the deforestation in Haiti in 1984

A

severe hurricane and demand of charcoal

42
Q

These forests are located at higher latis and can experience a winter below freezing

A

Temperature deciduous forest

43
Q

TDF and ___ contain broadleaf trees that are

A

well-suited for absorbing sunlight

44
Q

Soil in TDF are much deeper and richer bc

A

growth is not constant

45
Q

how do deciduous trees adapt when water is scarce or ground is frozen?

A

shedding leaves

46
Q

considerate amt of ppt to tropical ones but in higher latitudes

A

temperate rainforests

47
Q

Example of temperate rainforest and its advantage

A

Northen Pacific coast of US and Canada.
Windward side of Olympic mt range
constant moisture from wind currents of pacific ocean.

48
Q

These forests are found throughout far northern latitudes

A

Boreal or Taiga

49
Q

These trees are more adapted to long, cold dry winters

A

Coniferous

50
Q

Shape of leaves that have waxy (why?) coating

A

Needle like. To retain moisture.

51
Q

Why cone shape?

A

To let accumulated snow to slide to the ground

52
Q

Process wherein biomes change as the Earth changes

A

Succession

53
Q

organisms in early stages of succession

A

pioneer species

54
Q

found in later stages

A

climax species

55
Q

2 types of ecosystem succession depends on

A

Primary, secondary. Starting pt of succession

56
Q

occurs when new ecosyst develops when there’s none before

A

Primary

57
Q

Follows the disruption of prior ecosyst

A

Secondary

58
Q

Secondary succession doesn’t take long bc

A

soil already in place, pioneer species appear w/in days or weeks

59
Q

Second largest economy in Caribbean

A

Dom. Rep.

60
Q

Haiti’s hope?

A

ability to speed process of succession
encourage reforestation
find alternative fuel to charcoal

Envi Sci (9 decks)

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