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Human Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the age range for infancy?

A

birth to 1 year

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2
Q

what are the age range for early childhood?

A

1 year to 6 years

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3
Q

what are the age range for late childhood?

A

6 years to 12 years

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4
Q

what are the age range for adolescence?

A

12 years to 18 years

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5
Q

what are the age range for early adulthood?

A

19 years to 40 years

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6
Q

what are the age range for middle adulthood?

A

40 years to 65 years

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7
Q

what are the age range for late adulthood?

A

65 years and older

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8
Q

what is the starting weight and height of newborn and at the end?

A

start: 6 to 8 lbs and 18-22 inches
end: weight 3x and height increase 29-30 inches

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9
Q

what are the stages of mental development for infants?

A

at birth: unable to speak
2-4 mon: babble/coo
6 mon: understand some words & make basic sounds
12 mon: understand many & use single words in vocab

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10
Q

what are the stages of emotional development for infants?

A

newborns show excitement
6 mon: distress, delight, anger, disgust, & fear
12 mon: elation & affection for adults

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11
Q

what are the stages of social development for infants?

A

4 mon: recognize caregivers, smile readily, & stare intently
6 mon: watch activities, show possessive; and become shy/withdrawn with strangers

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12
Q

what do infants need for each stage?

A

food, cleanliness, & rest: physical
love & security: emotional and social
stimulation: mental

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13
Q

what are the physical changes in early childhood?

A

legs & lower body grow faster; muscle coordination allow running, climbing, and moving freely

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14
Q

what are the mental changes in early childhood?

A

verbal growth: 1.5k-2k words by 6
2 yr: short attention span & interested in many activities
4 yr: frequent questions & recognize letters & some words; logic based decision not trial & error
6 yr: very verbal & want learn read and write

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15
Q

what are the emotional changes in early childhood?

A

1-2 yr: develop self-awareness & recognize effects they have on others. also like routine and get frustrated when doing things out of their control
4-6 yr: gain more control over emotions

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16
Q

what are the social changes in early childhood?

A

strongly attached to caregiver & fear separation; enjoy company; still possessive; take more interest in others; trust others

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17
Q

what are the needs in early childhood?

A

food, shelter, rest, protection, love, security, routine, order, and consistency

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18
Q

what are the physical changes in late childhood?

A

weight gain 4-7 lbs and height increase 2-3 inches; primary teeth loss; and 10-12 yr: secondary sexual characteristics develop

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19
Q

what are the mental changes in late childhood?

A

speech skills complete & reading and writing learned; active thinking & adept making judgement; know abstract concepts

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20
Q

what are social changes in late childhood?

A

7 yr: do things themselves, want approval of parent and others
8-10 yr: group oriented w/ own sex
Toward end, make friends easy & more aware of other sex

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21
Q

what are emotional changes in late childhood?

A

greater independence & distinct personality
6 yr: fear & uncertain starting school; replaced by coping
emotions brought under control
sexual & changes in body lead to periods of depression & joy

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22
Q

what does late childhood need?

A

reassurance, parental approval, and peer acceptance

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23
Q

what are the physical changes in adolescence?

A

weight gain of 25 lbs and height increase of several inches; sexual characteristics develop

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24
Q

what do females develop?

A

breasts, menstruation, pubic hair, wider hips, distribution of body fat for female shape

25
Q

what do males develop?

A

deeper voice, more muscle mass, broader shoulders, facial & pubic & body hair

26
Q

what are the mental development of adolescence?

A

increase in knowledge & sharpening skills; make decisions & accept responsibility

27
Q

what are the emotional development of adolescence?

A

stormy & conflicted; try establish identities & independence; worry about appearance, abilities, and relationships

28
Q

what are the social development of adolescence?

A

less time with family & more with peers; seek security in groups w/ similar problems; develop behavior like adult at the end

29
Q

what are physical development of early adulthood?

A

most productive; muscle at best; prime childbearing age; sexual development at peak

30
Q

what are mental development of early adulthood?

A

deal w/ independence, career choice, establish lifestyle, select marital partner, start family, and establish values (all make judgement & decisions)

31
Q

what are emotional development of early adulthood?

A

involves preserving stability; stressors related to careers, families, marriage, etc can affect. if emotional structure strong, they can cope.

32
Q

what are social development of early adulthood?

A

moving away from peer & involved with people with similar ambitions & interests; become involved with partner and start family

33
Q

what are physical changes in middle adulthood?

A

hair gray & thin; skin wrinkle; muscle tone decrease; hearing loss decrease; visual acuity decline; and weight gain occur; menopause & male climacteric

34
Q

what are mental changes in middle adulthood?

A

acquire understanding of life & learn to cope with different stressors

35
Q

what contribute to emotional satisfaction in middle adult?

A

job stability, financial success, end of child-rearing, and good health

36
Q

what contribute to crisis in middle adult?

A

loss of job, fear of aging, loss of youth, illness, marital problems, problems with children or parents; feeling of depression, anxiety, insecurity, or anger

37
Q

what are social changes in middle adult?

A

family relations decline as child leave and parents die; work relations replace family; relations b/w wife & husband stronger as child leave; friendship with people with same interests & lifestyle

38
Q

what is late adulthood also called?

A

elderly, senior citizen, golden ager, and retired citizen

39
Q

what are physical changes in late adult?

A

skin dry, wrinkled, & thinner; hair thin & loses luster; bone brittle & porous; stooping posture; muscle lose tone & strength; hearing loss; decreased visual; decrease tolerance in extreme temp; memory loss & heart less efficient; age spots

40
Q

what are mental changes in late adult?

A

vary; remain mentally active & willing to learn tend to show fewer signs of decreased mental activity

41
Q

what are emotional changes in late adult?

A

some cope well & remain happy & enjoy life; others lonely, frustrated, withdrawn, and depressed

42
Q

what are emotional distress in late adult?

A

retirement; death of spouse & friends; physical disabilities; financial problems; loss of independence

43
Q

what are social changes in late adult?

A

retirement affect self-esteem (less contact w/ coworker & limit friends)

44
Q

what is the definition of sexuality?

A

feelings concerning mas/fem. natures; ability to give & receive love & affection; and role in reproduction

45
Q

who has done extensive research in death & dying?

A

Dr. Elizabeth Kubler

46
Q

what are the stages of dying?

A
  1. denial
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. depression
  5. acceptance
47
Q

what is the denial stage?

A

occurs when person first told of terminal illness; occurs when person/loved ones can’t accept reality of death; some seek 2nd opinion

48
Q

what is the anger stage?

A

may strike out at anyone and become hostile. may blame themselves, loved ones, or healthcare for illness. provide understanding & support, listening, and making every attempt to respond to pt. demands quickly & with kindness

49
Q

what is the bargaining stage?

A

accepts death, but wants time to live. is the period when pt. turns to religion &spiritual beliefs. will to live is strong & pt. fights to achieve goals

50
Q

what is the depression stage?

A

realize they will no longer be with family or complete goals. express regrets or become withdrawn/quiet. experience sadness

51
Q

what is the acceptance stage?

A

pt understands & accepts death. pt. may complete unfinished business. pt. separate themselves. they are at peace & can die with dignity. pt. need support & presence of others.

52
Q

what are advanced directives/legal directives?

A

legal documents that allow individual to state what tx. they want/ don’t want in the event that they become incapacitated

53
Q

what are living wills?

A

documents what measures should/shouldn’t be used to prolong life (frequently results in DNR)

54
Q

what are the different indirect defense mechanisms?

A

rationalization, projection, displacement, compensation, daydreaming, repression, suppression, regression, denial, and withdrawal

55
Q

what is rationalization?

A

using reasonable excuse/acceptable explanation to avoid real reason

56
Q

what is projection?

A

placing one’s actions/inadequacies on someone else or the circumstances

57
Q

what is displacement?

A

transferring feelings of one person to someone else

58
Q

what does direct method of satisfying needs include?

A

hard work, realistic goals, situation evaluation, and coorperation

59
Q

what is the hierarchy of maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  1. physiological needs
  2. safety needs
  3. love & affection
  4. esteem
  5. self-actualization

HealthScience 2 (7 decks)

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