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Human Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the age range for infancy?

A

birth to 1 year

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2
Q

what are the age range for early childhood?

A

1 year to 6 years

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3
Q

what are the age range for late childhood?

A

6 years to 12 years

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4
Q

what are the age range for adolescence?

A

12 years to 18 years

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5
Q

what are the age range for early adulthood?

A

19 years to 40 years

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6
Q

what are the age range for middle adulthood?

A

40 years to 65 years

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7
Q

what are the age range for late adulthood?

A

65 years and older

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8
Q

what is the starting weight and height of newborn and at the end?

A

start: 6 to 8 lbs and 18-22 inches
end: weight 3x and height increase 29-30 inches

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9
Q

what are the stages of mental development for infants?

A

at birth: unable to speak
2-4 mon: babble/coo
6 mon: understand some words & make basic sounds
12 mon: understand many & use single words in vocab

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10
Q

what are the stages of emotional development for infants?

A

newborns show excitement
6 mon: distress, delight, anger, disgust, & fear
12 mon: elation & affection for adults

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11
Q

what are the stages of social development for infants?

A

4 mon: recognize caregivers, smile readily, & stare intently
6 mon: watch activities, show possessive; and become shy/withdrawn with strangers

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12
Q

what do infants need for each stage?

A

food, cleanliness, & rest: physical
love & security: emotional and social
stimulation: mental

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13
Q

what are the physical changes in early childhood?

A

legs & lower body grow faster; muscle coordination allow running, climbing, and moving freely

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14
Q

what are the mental changes in early childhood?

A

verbal growth: 1.5k-2k words by 6
2 yr: short attention span & interested in many activities
4 yr: frequent questions & recognize letters & some words; logic based decision not trial & error
6 yr: very verbal & want learn read and write

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15
Q

what are the emotional changes in early childhood?

A

1-2 yr: develop self-awareness & recognize effects they have on others. also like routine and get frustrated when doing things out of their control
4-6 yr: gain more control over emotions

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16
Q

what are the social changes in early childhood?

A

strongly attached to caregiver & fear separation; enjoy company; still possessive; take more interest in others; trust others

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17
Q

what are the needs in early childhood?

A

food, shelter, rest, protection, love, security, routine, order, and consistency

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18
Q

what are the physical changes in late childhood?

A

weight gain 4-7 lbs and height increase 2-3 inches; primary teeth loss; and 10-12 yr: secondary sexual characteristics develop

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19
Q

what are the mental changes in late childhood?

A

speech skills complete & reading and writing learned; active thinking & adept making judgement; know abstract concepts

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20
Q

what are social changes in late childhood?

A

7 yr: do things themselves, want approval of parent and others
8-10 yr: group oriented w/ own sex
Toward end, make friends easy & more aware of other sex

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21
Q

what are emotional changes in late childhood?

A

greater independence & distinct personality
6 yr: fear & uncertain starting school; replaced by coping
emotions brought under control
sexual & changes in body lead to periods of depression & joy

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22
Q

what does late childhood need?

A

reassurance, parental approval, and peer acceptance

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23
Q

what are the physical changes in adolescence?

A

weight gain of 25 lbs and height increase of several inches; sexual characteristics develop

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24
Q

what do females develop?

A

breasts, menstruation, pubic hair, wider hips, distribution of body fat for female shape

25
what do males develop?
deeper voice, more muscle mass, broader shoulders, facial & pubic & body hair
26
what are the mental development of adolescence?
increase in knowledge & sharpening skills; make decisions & accept responsibility
27
what are the emotional development of adolescence?
stormy & conflicted; try establish identities & independence; worry about appearance, abilities, and relationships
28
what are the social development of adolescence?
less time with family & more with peers; seek security in groups w/ similar problems; develop behavior like adult at the end
29
what are physical development of early adulthood?
most productive; muscle at best; prime childbearing age; sexual development at peak
30
what are mental development of early adulthood?
deal w/ independence, career choice, establish lifestyle, select marital partner, start family, and establish values (all make judgement & decisions)
31
what are emotional development of early adulthood?
involves preserving stability; stressors related to careers, families, marriage, etc can affect. if emotional structure strong, they can cope.
32
what are social development of early adulthood?
moving away from peer & involved with people with similar ambitions & interests; become involved with partner and start family
33
what are physical changes in middle adulthood?
hair gray & thin; skin wrinkle; muscle tone decrease; hearing loss decrease; visual acuity decline; and weight gain occur; menopause & male climacteric
34
what are mental changes in middle adulthood?
acquire understanding of life & learn to cope with different stressors
35
what contribute to emotional satisfaction in middle adult?
job stability, financial success, end of child-rearing, and good health
36
what contribute to crisis in middle adult?
loss of job, fear of aging, loss of youth, illness, marital problems, problems with children or parents; feeling of depression, anxiety, insecurity, or anger
37
what are social changes in middle adult?
family relations decline as child leave and parents die; work relations replace family; relations b/w wife & husband stronger as child leave; friendship with people with same interests & lifestyle
38
what is late adulthood also called?
elderly, senior citizen, golden ager, and retired citizen
39
what are physical changes in late adult?
skin dry, wrinkled, & thinner; hair thin & loses luster; bone brittle & porous; stooping posture; muscle lose tone & strength; hearing loss; decreased visual; decrease tolerance in extreme temp; memory loss & heart less efficient; age spots
40
what are mental changes in late adult?
vary; remain mentally active & willing to learn tend to show fewer signs of decreased mental activity
41
what are emotional changes in late adult?
some cope well & remain happy & enjoy life; others lonely, frustrated, withdrawn, and depressed
42
what are emotional distress in late adult?
retirement; death of spouse & friends; physical disabilities; financial problems; loss of independence
43
what are social changes in late adult?
retirement affect self-esteem (less contact w/ coworker & limit friends)
44
what is the definition of sexuality?
feelings concerning mas/fem. natures; ability to give & receive love & affection; and role in reproduction
45
who has done extensive research in death & dying?
Dr. Elizabeth Kubler
46
what are the stages of dying?
1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance
47
what is the denial stage?
occurs when person first told of terminal illness; occurs when person/loved ones can't accept reality of death; some seek 2nd opinion
48
what is the anger stage?
may strike out at anyone and become hostile. may blame themselves, loved ones, or healthcare for illness. provide understanding & support, listening, and making every attempt to respond to pt. demands quickly & with kindness
49
what is the bargaining stage?
accepts death, but wants time to live. is the period when pt. turns to religion &spiritual beliefs. will to live is strong & pt. fights to achieve goals
50
what is the depression stage?
realize they will no longer be with family or complete goals. express regrets or become withdrawn/quiet. experience sadness
51
what is the acceptance stage?
pt understands & accepts death. pt. may complete unfinished business. pt. separate themselves. they are at peace & can die with dignity. pt. need support & presence of others.
52
what are advanced directives/legal directives?
legal documents that allow individual to state what tx. they want/ don't want in the event that they become incapacitated
53
what are living wills?
documents what measures should/shouldn't be used to prolong life (frequently results in DNR)
54
what are the different indirect defense mechanisms?
rationalization, projection, displacement, compensation, daydreaming, repression, suppression, regression, denial, and withdrawal
55
what is rationalization?
using reasonable excuse/acceptable explanation to avoid real reason
56
what is projection?
placing one's actions/inadequacies on someone else or the circumstances
57
what is displacement?
transferring feelings of one person to someone else
58
what does direct method of satisfying needs include?
hard work, realistic goals, situation evaluation, and coorperation
59
what is the hierarchy of maslow's hierarchy of needs?
1. physiological needs 2. safety needs 3. love & affection 4. esteem 5. self-actualization

HealthScience 2 (7 decks)

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