Dietetics Flashcards
what are dietitians (RD) also called?
nutritionist
what are a dietitian’s jobs?
manage food service system, access pt. nutritional needs, plan menus, teach proper nutrition & special diets, purchase food & equipment, enforce safety & sanitary rules, and supervise
what is the education for a dietitian?
bachelor degree and registration, licensure, or certificate required by most states
what is a dietary technician’s job?
plan menus, order foods, standardize & test recipes, assist with food preparations, and provide basic dietary instruction
what is a dietary technician’s degree?
associates and licensure, certification, or registration needed in some states
what is a dietary assistant also called?
food service worker
what is a dietary assistant’s job?
assist with food preparation and service, help pt. select menu, clean work areas, and assist others
what is a dietary assistant’s education?
6 to 12 mnths on the job/ 1 or more years HOE/food service vocational
what is the definition of nutrition?
all body processes relating to food
what is the definition of nutritional status?
state/condition of one’s nutrition
what is the definition of wellness?
state of good health with optimal body function
what are the 6 effects of good nutrition?
- healthy appearance
- good attitude
- proper bowel movement
- energy
- enthusiasm/freedom from anxiety
- disease/conditions prevented/delayed
what is the cause and effect of hypertension?
cause: excess fat/salt in diet
effect: heart, kidneys, and blood vessels
what is the cause and effect of atherosclerosis?
cause: high saturated fat & cholesterol
effect: stroke or heart attack
what is the cause of diabetes?
heredity, obesity, lack of exercise, or diet high in carbs & sugar
what is malnutrition?
state of poor nutrition caused by poor diet and illness (obesity and anorexia)
what are the symptoms of malnutrition?
fatigue, depression, poor posture, over/underweight, poor complexion, lifeless hair, and irritability
what are the two uses for carbs?
- provide heat and energy
- supply fiber for digestion and elimination
what counts as an essential nutrient?
chemical elements found in food that replace elements used in body
what are the 3 most common lipids?
triglycerides, phospholipids (lecithin), and sterol (cholesterol)
what is the function of lipids?
provide essential fatty acids
provide heat and energy
carry fat-soluble vitamins
what are the sources of lipids?
butter, margarine, oils, cream, cheese, fatty meat, and egg yolk
how many amino acids are there?
22 amino acids (9 are essential)
what is the function of protein?
build & repair body tissue
regulate body function
provide energy and heat
what are the sources of protein?
complete: meat, fish, cheese, milk, and egg white
incomplete: cereal, soybean, dry beans, peas, corn, and nuts
what is the function of vitamins?
metabolism, tissue building, regulation of body processes, and use of energy by carbs, fats, and protein
what is the use of minerals?
regulate body fluids, assist various body functions, contribute to growth, and aid in building tissue
what is the use of water?
digestion, make up plasma and cytoplasm, help body absorb nutrients, and waste removal
what is the process of food breakdown?
- digestion (mechanical/ chemical)
- absorption
- metabolism
what is a good diet?
- variety of food
- maintain healthy foods
- low in fat and cholesterol
- plenty of fruits, veggies, and grain
- sugar & sodium in moderation
- alcohol in moderation
what food is use in clear diet?
carbohydrates and water (apple/grape juice, fat-free broth, plain gelatin, fruit ice, ginger ale, tea or coffee w/ sugar)
what food is use in full diet?
everything in clear and strained soup/cereal, fruit/veg juice, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbert, and eggnog
when is liquid diet used?
after surgery, acute infection, GI problems, replace lost fluids, and in preparation for x-ray of GI
what food is avoided in soft diet?
meat and shellfish with tough connective tissue, coarse cereal, spicy foods, rich desserts, fried food, raw fruits & veggies, nuts, and coconut
when is soft diet used?
after surgery, pt. with infection, GI disorders, and chewing problems
what food is avoided in diabetic diet?
sugar-heavy foods: candy, soda, desserts, cookies, syrup, honey, condensed milk, chewing gum, and jam
what food is avoid in low calorie diet?
butter, cream, whole milk, soda, alcohol, salad dressing, fatty meat, and candy
when is a high-calorie diet used?
anorexia, underweight, hyperthyroidism, and cancer
what food is avoided in high-calorie diet?
high-bulk food: fill too quickly
high-fat food: digest slow & spoil appetite
what food is avoided in low-cholesterol diet?
restrict cholesterol and fat to <50 g
limit beef, liver, pork, lamb, egg yolk, cream, cheese, shellfish, and whole milk
what food is avoid in fat restricted diet?
cream, milk, cheese, fats, fatty meat, rich desserts, chocolate, nuts, fried food, and salad dressing
what food is avoid in sodium restricted/low salt/low sodium diet?
avoid/limit salting food, smoked meat, processed foods, pickles, olives, sauerkraut, and some cheese
when is high and low protein diet used?
high: pregnant/lactating diet, growing kidney, surgery, burns, fever, and infections
low: certain renal disease and certain allergies
when is bland diet used?
pt. with ulcer, colitis, and other GI disorders
what food is avoided in bland diet?
coarse food, fried foods, highly seasoned, pastries, candies, raw fruits and veggies, and alcohol
when is avoided in low-residue diet?
raw fruits/veggies, whole grain bread/cereal, nuts, seeds, beans, peas, and coconut (high residue is >30 g)
what do phospholipids and cholesterol do?
phospholipid: prevent accumulation of fat in liver
cholesterol: lower circulating cholesterol
