Human Genes Group 2 Flashcards
XRN2
5’-3’ exoribonuclease 2 (EC 3.13.-) (DHM1-like protein) (DHP protein) Q9H0D6 FUNCTION: Possesses 5’->3’ exoribonuclease activity (By similarity). May promote the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II. During transcription termination, cleavage at the polyadenylation site liberates a 5’ fragment which is subsequently processed to form the mature mRNA and a 3’ fragment which remains attached to the elongating polymerase. The processive degradation of this 3’ fragment by this protein may promote termination of transcription. Binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAp II) transcription termination R-loops formed by G-rich pause sites .
USHBP1
Usher syndrome type-1C protein-binding protein 1 (USH1C-binding protein 1) (AIE-75-binding protein) (MCC-2) (Mutated in colon cancer protein 2) Q8N6Y0
TRAV26-1
T cell receptor alpha variable 26-1 A0A087WT03 FUNCTION: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) alpha chain that participates in the antigen recognition . Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens . Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation . The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity .
TRBV20-1
T cell receptor beta variable 20-1 A0A075B6N2 FUNCTION: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) beta chain that participates in the antigen recognition . Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens . Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation . The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity .
WAC
WW domain-containing adapter protein with coiled-coil Q9BTA9 FUNCTION: Acts as a linker between gene transcription and histone H2B monoubiquitination at ‘Lys-120’ (H2BK120ub1) . Interacts with the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery via its WW domain and with RNF20-RNF40 via its coiled coil region, thereby linking and regulating H2BK120ub1 and gene transcription . Regulates the cell-cycle checkpoint activation in response to DNA damage . Positive regulator of amino acid starvation-induced autophagy . Also acts as a negative regulator of basal autophagy . Positively regulates MTOR activity by promoting, in an energy-dependent manner, the assembly of the TTT complex composed of TELO2, TTI1 and TTI2 and the RUVBL complex composed of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 into the TTT-RUVBL complex. This leads to the dimerization of the mTORC1 complex and its subsequent activation . May negatively regulate the ubiquitin proteasome pathway .
WAPL
Wings apart-like protein homolog (Friend of EBNA2 protein) (WAPL cohesin release factor) Q7Z5K2 FUNCTION: Regulator of sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis which negatively regulates cohesin association with chromatin. Involved in both sister chromatid cohesion during interphase and sister-chromatid resolution during early stages of mitosis. Couples DNA replication to sister chromatid cohesion. Cohesion ensures that chromosome partitioning is accurate in both meiotic and mitotic cells and plays an important role in DNA repair. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Nucleus.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. Cytoplasm. Note=Associates with chromatin through the cohesin complex during interphase. Released in the cytoplasm from nuclear envelope breakdown until anaphase, it reaccumulates in nucleus at telophase.
ZIK1
Zinc finger protein interacting with ribonucleoprotein K (Zinc finger protein 762) Q3SY52 FUNCTION: May be a transcriptional repressor.
TPSAB1
Tryptase alpha/beta-1 (Tryptase-1) (EC 3.21.59) (Tryptase I) (Tryptase alpha-1) Q15661 FUNCTION: Tryptase is the major neutral protease present in mast cells and is secreted upon the coupled activation-degranulation response of this cell type. May play a role in innate immunity. Isoform 2 cleaves large substrates, such as fibronectin, more efficiently than isoform 1, but seems less efficient toward small substrates .
UNC79
Protein unc-79 homolog Q9P2D8 FUNCTION: Component of the NALCN sodium channel complex, a cation channel activated either by neuropeptides substance P or neurotensin that controls neuronal excitability.
ZNF418
Zinc finger protein 418 Q8TF45 FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor.
ZNF467
Zinc finger protein 467 Q7Z7K2 FUNCTION: Transcription factor that promotes adipocyte differentiation and suppresses osteoblast differentiation in the bone marrow. Enhances the osteoclast-supporting ability of stromal cells. Binds with STAT3 the consensus sequence 5’-CTTCTGGGAAGA-3’ of the acute phase response element (APRE). Transactivates several promoters including FOS, OSM and PPARG. Recruits a histone deacetylase complex (By similarity).
ZNF45
Zinc finger protein 45 (BRC1744) (Zinc finger protein 13) (Zinc finger protein KOX5) Q02386 FUNCTION: May be involved in transcriptional regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.
ZNF517
Zinc finger protein 517 Q6ZMY9 FUNCTION: May be involved in transcriptional regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus .
ZNF511
Zinc finger protein 511 Q8NB15 FUNCTION: May be involved in transcriptional regulation.
TSPAN14
Tetraspanin-14 (Tspan-14) (DC-TM4F2) (Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 14) Q8NG11 FUNCTION: Regulates maturation and trafficking of the transmembrane metalloprotease ADAM10 (, , ). Negatively regulates ADAM10-mediated cleavage of GP6 (By similarity). Promotes ADAM10-mediated cleavage of CDH5 (By similarity).
ZNF622
Zinc finger protein 622 (Zinc finger-like protein 9) Q969S3 FUNCTION: May behave as an activator of the bound transcription factor, MYBL2, and be involved in embryonic development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm .
TTC19
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 19, mitochondrial (TPR repeat protein 19) Q6DKK2 FUNCTION: Required for the preservation of the structural and functional integrity of mitochondrial respiratory complex III by allowing the physiological turnover of the Rieske protein UQCRFS1 (, ). Involved in the clearance of UQCRFS1 N-terminal fragments, which are produced upon incorporation of UQCRFS1 into the complex III and whose presence is detrimental for its catalytic activity .
ZSCAN25
Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 25 (Zinc finger protein 498) Q6NSZ9 FUNCTION: May be involved in transcriptional regulation.
S100A5
Protein S100-A5 (Protein S-100D) (S100 calcium-binding protein A5) P33763 FUNCTION: Binds calcium, zinc and copper. One subunit can simultaneously bind 2 calcium ions or 2 copper ions plus 1 zinc ion. Calcium and copper ions compete for the same binding sites.
TCL1A
T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (Oncogene TCL-1) (Oncogene TCL1) (Protein p14 TCL1) P56279 FUNCTION: Enhances the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Promotes nuclear translocation of AKT1. Enhances cell proliferation, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes cell survival. Note=Microsomal fraction.
TDG
G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase (EC 3.2.29) (Thymine-DNA glycosylase) (hTDG) Q13569 FUNCTION: DNA glycosylase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation: specifically recognizes and binds 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in the context of CpG sites and mediates their excision through base-excision repair (BER) to install an unmethylated cytosine. Cannot remove 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). According to an alternative model, involved in DNA demethylation by mediating DNA glycolase activity toward 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) produced by deamination of 5hmC. Also involved in DNA repair by acting as a thymine-DNA glycosylase that mediates correction of G/T mispairs to G/C pairs: in the DNA of higher eukaryotes, hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine leads to the formation of G/T mismatches. Its role in the repair of canonical base damage is however minor compared to its role in DNA demethylation. It is capable of hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA and a mispaired thymine. In addition to the G/T, it can remove thymine also from C/T and T/T mispairs in the order G/T»_space; C/T > T/T. It has no detectable activity on apyrimidinic sites and does not catalyze the removal of thymine from A/T pairs or from single-stranded DNA. It can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairs with guanine.
USP6NL
USP6 N-terminal-like protein (Related to the N-terminus of tre) (RN-tre) Q92738 FUNCTION: Acts as a GTPase-activating protein for RAB5A and RAB43. Involved in receptor trafficking. In complex with EPS8 inhibits internalization of EGFR. Involved in retrograde transport from the endocytic pathway to the Golgi apparatus. Involved in the transport of Shiga toxin from early and recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Required for structural integrity of the Golgi complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasmic vesicle.
TULP2
Tubby-related protein 2 (Cancer/testis antigen 65) (CT65) (Tubby-like protein 2) O00295 SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm .
TVP23C
Golgi apparatus membrane protein TVP23 homolog C Q96ET8 SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane .