Human Factors

Question 1

Nerves

Answer 1

Postural.

Skin, Muscle, Joints
Send signals to brain
Uncoordinated
Gs in a turn
Fatigue or illness
Turbulence

Question 2

Otoliths

Answer 2

Vestibular system.

Detect linear acceleration.

Question 3

Semicircular canals

Answer 3

Vestibular system.

Detect turning or rotation acceleration.

Question 4

The leans

Answer 4

You enter a bank so slow the fluid in your ears don’t move and tell your brain you are straight and level.
•Reflex causes you to correct your wings back to level flight abruptly
•The quick movement causes those hairs to move and now your brain thinks you are banking in the opposite direction.

Question 5

Coriolis illusion

Answer 5

You stay in a constant turn long enough for the fluid in your ears to stop moving.
•Brain thinks you are straight and level
•If you move your head quickly or reach for something in the opposite direction
•Fluid starts moving in a different axis and makes you feel like the plane is maneuvering in a way that it isn’t.
•Causing you to correct for something that isn’t happening and leading to a dangerous attitude.

Question 6

Graveyard spiral

Answer 6

When in a steady state turn for over 20 seconds, the turn is no longer sensed.

Question 7

Somatogravic illusion

Answer 7

Forward thrust can be misinterpreted as a sudden increase in pitch. Same is true for slowing down.

Question 8

Inversion illusion

Answer 8

Leveling off after a climb gives a slight -G force
•without accurate visual cues, you have the sensation of flying inverted.
•This makes your want to push the aircraft nose low, which puts you in a dive attitude.

Question 9

Elevator illusion

Answer 9

Hitting an updraft in turbulence can make you feel like you need to push the nose forward, entering a dive attitude.

Question 10

Black hole effect

Answer 10

The brightness of the airport area and the lack of visual cues/darkness of the approach area create the illusion that you are too high.