Human Factors Flashcards
Hypoxia
Lack of Oxygen
Symptoms: Headache, Poor Reaction Time, Poor Judgement, Euphoria, Visual impairment, drowsiness, Lightheaded, tingling, Numbness, Blue skin coloration, Limp Muscles
Types:
Hypoxic is lack of oxygen molecules in atmosphere
Hypemic lack of oxygen in blood from hemoglobin clog
Stagnant poor flow of blood
Histotoxic cell inability to use oxygen from substance
Hyperventilation
Lack of Carbon Dioxide in airflow.
Caused by stress, fright, or pain
Symptoms: Headache, Poor Reaction Time, Poor Judgement, Euphoria, Visual impairment, drowsiness, Lightheaded, tingling, Numbness, clamminess, Spasms
Corrective Action: Breathe Slowly, Breathe into a Bag, Talk out loud
Ear and Sinus Blockage
Caused by different pressures the outside vs. in the ear, can also happen to sinuses if inflamed blocking airflow
Solution: Stop descent and return to initial altitude, then slow descent rate while the ear block is opened and closed over and over again to allow pressure to enter, for sinuses same as ear but includes nasal spray
Spatial Disorientation
Caused by different data going through vestibular senses vs. visual senses
Solution is to get visual to equal vestibular
Motion Sickness
Poor feelings from disorientation
Symptoms: discomfort, paleness, nausea, dizziness, sweating, and vomiting
Corrective Action: fix visual enlightenment with vestibular motion, slow down to decrease vestibular movement, get out of discomforting area, and open fresh air vents
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon Monoxide attaches itself 200x more to the hemoglobin preventing oxygen attaching to hemoglobin causing hypemic hypoxia.
Corrective Action: Close Cabin Heat, Open Air Vents, land as soon as possible
Don’t fly for 48 hours or more due to Carbon monoxide taking up to 48 hours to leave the system.
Stress
Body’s response to physical and psychological demands
Types: Acute (Short term), Chronic (Long term)
Caused by Stressors
Symptoms: Release of chemical hormones, increased blood sugar, increased heart rate, increased respiration, increased blood pressure, increased perspiration
Corrective Action: Coping Mechanisms, Find relaxing time, and see a licensed physician
Fatigue
Lack of energy associated with loss of attention, impaired coordination, decreased ability to communicate.
Types: Acute, Chronic
Caused by sleep loss, overload of exercise or physical/physiological demands,
Dehydration and Nutrition
Dehydration is lack of water, causes fatigue. Amplified by heat, drink 2 - 4 qts of water every 24 hours or constantly drink water.
Nutrition requirements are to maintain proper and steady nutrition throughout the day
Hypothermia
When the body drops core temperature from outside air temperature
Symptoms: Shivering, Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and breathing increase
Solutions: Prepare for the weather, Survival Gear, and Heat the body up
False Horizon Illusion
low visibility causes objects to appear as if they are the horizon, rely on attitude indicator in low visibility
Rapid Decompression from Scuba Diving
Pressure increase causes the body to absorb more nitrogen, if pressure is decompressed to quickly the nitrogen can form bubbles in tissues and blood.
Symptoms: Decompression Sickness, Unconsciousness, Death
Corrective action don’t fly for up to 12 hours after scuba diving, and 24 hours for controlled ascent scuba diving. Recommended 24 hours for all dives
Substance Regulations
Can’t attempt to fly or fly:
Within 8 hours of your last drink
BAC 0.04 or greater
Under the influence (includes hangover)
Using any drugs or substance that affect safety
ADM
Perceive (Detect Changes)
Process the information
Perform required Actions
Coriolis Illusion
Caused by rapid head movement which moves vestibular fluid and creates idea of rolling, corrective action slow head movement
