Human Endocrine System

Question 1

Chemical Coordination

Answer 1

The type of control and coordination brought about by hormones in the blood

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Organic chemical messengers

Question 3

Target organ

Answer 3

an organ that is affected by a specific hormone

Question 4

Negative feedback mechanism

Answer 4

Any deviation from the normal levels elicits a response that restores the normal levels

Question 5

Hormones of Pituitary Gland (7)

Answer 5

• Thyroid stimulating hormone
• Growth hormone
• Follicle-stimulating hormone
• Luteinising hormone
• Prolactin
• Antidiuretic hormone
• Oxytocin

Question 6

Hormones of Thyroid

Answer 6

Thyroxin

Question 7

Hormones of Pancreas (2)

Answer 7

• Insulin

- Glucagon

Question 8

Hormones of Adrenal Glands (2)

Answer 8

• Aldosterone

- Adrenalin

Question 9

Hormones of Gonads (3)

Answer 9

• Testosterone
• Oestrogen
• Progesterone

Question 10

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 10

Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxin

Question 11

Growth Hormone

Answer 11

Promotes growth of skeleton and muscles by stimulating the synthesis of proteins.

Under-secretion is dwarfism.

Over-secretion is gigantism or acromegaly

Question 12

FSH

Answer 12

Stimulates the development of primary follicles into mature Graafian follicles

Activates the germinal epithelium that produces sperm cells.

Question 13

LH

Answer 13

Stimulates the release of the secondary oocyte (ovulation) and the development of the corpus luteum

Stimulates the cells of Leydig to produce testosterone

Question 14

Prolactin

Answer 14

Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after the birth of a baby

Question 15

ADH

Answer 15

Controls the reabsorption of water

Question 16

Oxytocin

Answer 16

Causes contractions necessary for the birth process

Positive feedback mechanism

Question 17

Thyroxin

Answer 17

Increases basal metabolic rate
> Increases breathing and heart rate
> Essential for normal growth and development of organs
> Essential for normal functioning of nervous system

Under-secretion is cretinism or myxoedema or exophthalmia

Over-secretion is hyperthyroidism

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Decreases blood glucose level

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

Increases blood glucose level

Question 20

Antagonistic hormones

Answer 20

Hormones that have opposite effects on the body

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

A steroid hormone that regulates the ionic balance of the tissue fluid

Question 22

Adrenalin (7)

Answer 22

> Accelerates and strengthens the heart rate
Increases the blood pressure
Accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose
Increases rate and depth of breathing
Increases the muscle tone of the skeletal muscles
Dilates pupil
Increases sweat production

Question 23

Testosterone (3)

Answer 23

> Responsible for the secondary male sexual characteristics.
Responsible for the development of the male sex organ.
Maturation and quality of sperm

Question 24

Oestrogen (4)

Answer 24

> Secondary female sexual characteristics
Development of the female sex organs
Thickening of endometrium
Inhibits secretion of FSH

Question 25

Progesterone (2)

Answer 25

> Thickening and maintenance of the endometrium during pregnancy
Suppresses the release of FSH and LH

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

Question 27

Negative feedback mechanism

Answer 27

Is when the detection of a deviation from the normal results in a reaction that counteracts the change and returns to normal. The return to normal is detached and the corrective action is switched off.