HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Principles of Growth and Development
what is the primary concern of a developmental psychologists?
the changes in behavior over lifespan
What is the goal of a developmental psychologists?
the goal to achieve full development
it is a progressive series of changes of an orderly and coherent type towards the goal of maturity
Growth
pattern of change, begins at conception and continues thru lifespan.
development
PATH OF DEV’T THAT HAS CHANGES IN BODILY APPEARANCE AND CHANGES IN BODILY ACTIVITIES LIKE MOTOR SKILLS.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
PATH OF DEV’T THAT HAS CHANGES IN SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PATH OF DEV’T THAT HAS CHANGES IN THOUGHT PROCESSES, AFFECTING LANGUAGE, LEARNING ABILITIES AND MEMORY.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
A KIND OF CHANGE THAT ARE PROGRESSIVE, LEADING TO IMPROVEMENT, EX. DEVELOPING MOTOR SKILLS.
QUALITATIVE CHANGES
KIND OF CHANGES THAT ARE MEASURABLE LIKE HEIGHT OR WEIGHT
QUANTITATIVE CHANGES
ONE OF THE FACTOR OF DEV’T THAT WERE INHERITED THE TRAITS, PASSING DOWN TO OFFSPRING.
NATURE
ONE OF FACTORS OF DEV’T, BASED ON INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES OR FORCES AFFECTING A MAN (SOCIAL, NATURAL, PHYSICAL)
NURTURE
A TERM, FROM THE TRAITS OF PARENTS BEING HANDED DOWN, MADE FROM RAW MATERIALS.
HEREDITY
A TERM, THE FORCES OF AFFECTING THE MAN, SHAPING YOUR RAW MATERIAL.
ENVIRONMENT
A GRADUAL UNFOLDING OF HEREDITARY TRAITS AND POTENTIALS, A PROCESS WHICH ONE SHOULD PASS THROUGH BEFORE REACHING STATE OF MATURITY, UNFOLDING THE FULLEST POTENTIAL.
MATURATION
A FUNCTION OF MATURATION, WHICH THE DEV’T OCCURS THROUGH MATURATION EX. WALKING
PHYLOGENETIC
A FUNCTION OF MATURATION, WHICH ARE THE TRAITS LEARNED THRU TRAINING. EX. SWIMMING
ONTOGENETIC
THESE THREE MECHANICS THAT MAKES UP AN INDIVIDUAL IN TERMS OF HEREDITY
TIME, HEREDITY, ENVIRONMENT
OTHER TERM FOR BODY CELLS
SOMATIC CELLS
HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES DOES A HUMAN BODY HAVE?
23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES
A THREAD-LIKE, CONTAINING GENES THAT USUALLY FOUND IN PAIRS
CHROMOSOMES
IF THE CHROMOSOMES WERE NOT FOUNDED WITH PAIRS, WHAT WILL HAPPEN?
CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS AND ABNORMALITIES
HOW MANY PAIRS OF AUTOSOMES ARE FOUNDED IN OUR BODY?
22 PAIRS
HOW MANY PAIRS OF GENOSOMES ARE FOUND IN OUR BODY?
1 PAIR
IN DETERMINING THE SEX BASED ON PAIRING OF SEX CHROMOSOMES, WHAT IS XY?
MALE
WHAT ABOUT THE XXY? WHAT IS THEIR SEX?
INTERSEX
IT IS A STRONG GENES THAT WILL OCCUR IN THE OFFSPRING
DOMINANT
WEAK GENES THAT CAN’T OCCUR IN OFFSPRING
RECESSIVE
THE SEX OF THE OFFSRING DEPNDS ON THE PAIRING OF THE SEX CHROMOSOMES.
SEX DETERMINATION
A PRINCIPLE OF HEREDITY, STATING THAT HUMAN INDIVIDUALS WILL REPRODUCE THEIR OWN KIND
PRINCIPLE OF REPRODUCTION
A PRINCIPLE OF HEREDITY, THAT HAS THE PRESENCE OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS.
PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE AND RECESSIVENESS
A PRINCIPLE OF HEREDITY, THAT THERE ARE “NO” TWO INDIV ARE EXACTLY “ALIKE”, EVEN TWINS HAVE MILD DIFFERENCES.
PRINCIPLE OF VARIATION
A PRINCIPLE OF HEREDITY, MAKING AN ABSOLUTE PREDICTION, ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE.
PRINCIPLE OF CHANCE
A PRINCIPLE OF HEREDITY, THAT SEX-LINKED TRAITS ARE CARRIED BY SAME GENES, DETERMINING SEX.
SEX-LINKED CHARACTERISTICS
WHAT ARE THE 3 HEREDITY CHARACTERISTICS?
PHYSICAL TRAITS, MENTAL TRAITS, AND SPECIAL TALENT/ABILITIES
A GENETIC ENGINEERING THAT EXTRACTS REPRODUCTIVE CELLS OR SPERM CELL, PUTTING IT INTO THE OVARY.
IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION
A GENETIC ENGINEERING THAT WERE USED FOR PASSING TRAITS INTO THE OFFSPRING.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION BY A DONOR (AID)
A GENETIC ENGINEERING, THAT THERE IS AN ALTERNATE BEARER FOR THE PREGNANCY.
SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD
A GENETIC ENGINEERING THAT ARE MOSTLY ON THE ANIMALS
MAPPING OR CLONING
A STAGE OF DEV’T WHERE IT IS A PERIOD OF GESTATION, THAT FETUS DEVELOPS WITHIN THE WOMB. HOW MANY DAYS DOES THIS STAGE TAKE?
PRE-NATAL STAGE
IT IS CALLED IN THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION TO 2 WEEKS IN THE PERIOD OF OVUM
ZYGOTE
PRE-NATAL STAGE THAT IS THE MOST VULNERABLE PERIOD DUE TO RAPID GROWTH
PERIOD OF EMBRYO
THIS TYPE OF BIRTH IS THE USUAL WAY, WHERE THE HEAD FIRST.
NATURAL/SPONTANEOUS BIRTH
TYPE OF BIRTH, FEET FIRST
BREACH BIRTH
CESARIAN SURGERY IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT TYPE OF BIRTH?
INSTRUMENTAL BIRTH
THIS TYPE OF BIRTH THAT THE BABY IS HORIZONTALLY LAYED.
TRANSVERSE PRESENTATION
IT IS A PERIOD THAT TOOK ONLY 2 WEEKS AND THE SHORTEST
INFANCY PERIOD
PERIOD WHERE 15 TO 20 AFTER BIRTH ONCE THE UMBILICAL CORD IS CUT
PERIOD OF THE PARTUNATE
PERIOD WHEN UMBILICAL CORD FALLS OFF, 2 WEEKS AFTER BIRTH
PERIOD OF THE NEONATE
WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR ADJUSTMENTS OF A BABY?
ADJUSTMENT TO TEMPERATURE, BREATHING, TAKING NOURISHMENT, AND ELIMINATION
A STAGE OF DEV’T FROM 2ND WEEK TO THE END OF 2ND YEAR, THE AGE OF HELPLESSNESS
BABYHOOD STAGE
IN THIS PERIOD, IT PRODUCES REFLEX REACTIONS OR MOTOR ACTIONS OF THE BABY.
BABYHOOD PERIOD
WHAT IS AGE OF HELPLESSNESS
DEPENDENT TO PARENTS, ATTAINING THEIR NEEDS AND CARE.
THIS STAGE TAKES FROM 2 TO 6 YRS OLD, IN THE AGE OF CURIOSITY WHERE THEY STARTING TO ASK MANY QUESTIONS
EARLY CHILDHOOD
THIS STAGE TAKES 6 TO 10 YRS OLD, IN THE SMART OR GANG STAGE THAT THINKS THEY KNOW EVERYTHING, SEEKING BELONGINGNESS TO PEERS.
LATE CHILDHOOD
IN THIS STAGE, ENDS UNTIL 18 YRS OLD IN THE AGE OF MANHOOD WHERE THE BODY CHANGES AND DEVELOPS
PUBERTY/PUBESCENCE STAGE
IN THIS STAGE, IN THE PERIOD OF STORM AND STRESS WHERE THE PERSON IS SEXUALLY MATURE; HAS CHANGES IN SOCIOEMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE CHANGES
ADOLESCENCE STAGE
IN THIS STAGE, TAKES AROUND 21 TO 40 YRS OLD WHERE THEY’RE SETTLING DOWN IN CAREER AND MARRIAGE
EARLY ADULTHOOD
IN THIS STAGE, TAKES AROUND 40 TO 60 YRS OLD, THE DREADED AGE WHERE THEY RE-EVALUATE THEIR DECISIONS.
MIDDLE AGE/MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
ABILITY OF THE CHIILD TO HAVE CONTROL ON ITS BODILY MOVEMENTS.
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT THAT STARTS FROM HEAD TO TOE
CEPHALO-CAUDAL SEQUENCE
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT THAT STARTS FROM CENTER TO EXTREMITIES
PROXIMO-DISTAL SEQUENCE
IN THIS STAGE, THEY HAD THE STAGE OF SENESCENCE IN THE AGE OF 60 ONWARDS, WHERE HEALTH PROBLEMS ARE PREVALENT
LATE ADULTHOOD STAGE
ONE OF THE THEORIES OF DEV’T, A SIGNIFICANT TURNING POINT, LIKE VOTING, GRADUATING, MARRYING
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE
ONE OF THE THEORIES OF DEV’T THAT MEANS THE PERIOD OF LIFE
LIFE STAGES
ONE OF THE THEORIES OF DEV’T, A PERSONAL CHANGE THAT LEADS TO DEV’T
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
ONE OF THE THEORIES OF DEV’T, THAT HAS CONFLICT BETWEEN PERSONAL IMPULSES AND SOCIAL WORLD
PSYCHOSOCIAL DILEMMA
A LEARNING TO THNK AND UNDERSTAND, LEARNING TO SPEAK AND REASONING, ALSO REMEMBERING THINGS, USUALLY ADAPT THROUGH SCHOOLING.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
A SWISS BIOLOGIST AND PSYCHOLOGIST THAT TALKS ABOUT INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
JEAN PIAGET
PIAGET SAID THAT CHILDREN’S INTELLIGENCE UNDERGOES CHANGES AS THEY GROW
PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
IN THIS STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, STARTED FROM BIRTH TO 2 YEARS, WHERE THEY STARTED TO LEARN THRU SENSES BASED ON OBSERVATIONS
SENSORY MOTOR STAGE
A FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTION OF SENSORY MOTOR STAGE, WHERE THE CHILD HAS ITS OWN PERCEPTION THRU OBJECT.
OBJECT PERMANENCE
IN THIS STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, THEY USE SYMBOLS(WORDS) IN REPRESENTING PEOPLE OR OBJECTS, THEY ALSO IMITATE ACTIONS WHILE IN THE AGE OF 2 TO 7 YRS
PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE
A FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTION OF PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE, WHERE THEY ARE SELF-CENTERED AND ONLY BELIEVED WHAT THEY SEE
EGO-CENTRIC
IN THIS STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, THEY ARE NO LONGER EGOCENTRIC AND CAN MAKE MORAL JUDGEMENTS IN THE AGE OF 7-12 YRS
CONCRETE OPERATION STAGE
WHAT ARE THE TWO FUNCTIONS OF CONCRETE OPERATION STAGE IN THE THEORY OF JEAN PIAGET?
THE CONCEPT OF CONSERVATION AND REVERSIBILITY
IN THIS STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, THAT ALSO THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST THAT CAN SOLVE PROBLEMS THRU LOGICAL REASONING AT THE AGE OF 12 AND OLDER.
FORMAL OPERATION STAGE
AN ANY MEANS BY WHICH A PERSON EXPRESSES HIS IDEAS, THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS
LANGUAGE
IT IS DISTINCT AND ARTICULATE SOUNDS OR WORDS, CONVEYING MEANING
SPEECH
CRYING, COOING OR BABBLING, GESTURES & NON-VERBAL COMM., EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS AND DRAWING.
WHICH OF THESE ARE NOT INCLUDED ON HOW SPEECH IS DEVELOPED?
DRAWING
IN DEVELOPING LANGUAGE, IT USES THE SOUNDS ALIKE USED IN A PARTICULAR LANGUAGE.
PHENOLOGY
IN DEVELOPING LANGUAGE, IT STUDIES ABOUT THE WORD MEANING OR COMBINATIONS
SEMANTICS
IN DEVELOPING LANGUAGE, RULES WERE USED IN DESCRIBING THE STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE, INCLUDING MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX
GRAMMAR
IN DEVELOPING LANGUAGE, RULES WERE USED FOR LANGUAGE IN A PARTICULAR CONTEXT
PRAGMATICS
THIS DEVELOPMENT, THEY TRY TO SENSE PEOPLE AS LOVING OR HOSTILE, THAT CAN ONLY AFFECT THEIR FUTURE. CHILDREN ALSO DEPEND ON EMOTIONALY ONTO THEIR EXPERIENCES
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THIS DEVELOPMENT, HOME IS CONSIDERED AS SEAT OF LEARNING, CHILDREN WHO ARE ACCEPTED TENDS TO BE MORE SOCIABLE OR INTROVERT WHEN THEY FEEL REJECTED IN ACCORANCE WITH SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
TRUST VS. MISTRUST, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
INFANCY STAGE (0-1 YR OLD)
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF TRUST VS MISTRUST?
HOPE
AUTONOMY VS SELF-DOUBT, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
EARLY CHILDHOOD, 1-3 YRS OLD
WHAT IS THE VIRTURE OF AUTONOMY VS. SELF-DOUBT?
WILL
INITIATIVE VS GUILT, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
PLAY AGE, 3-6 YRS
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF INITIATIVE VS GUILT
PURPOSE
INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
SCHOOL AGE, 7-11 YRS
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY?
COMPETENCE
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
ADOLESCENCE STAGE, 12-18 YRS
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION?
FIDELITY
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
EARLY ADULTHOOD, 19-29 YEARS
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
LOVE
GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
MIDDLE AGE, 30-64 YRS OLD
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
CARE
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR, WHAT STAGE AND AGE?
OLD AGE, 65 YRS OLD ONWARDS
WHAT IS THE VIRTUE OF INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
WISDOM
HE THEORIZED THE 6 STAGES OF MORAL MATURITY OR DEVELOPMENT
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
“DO WHAT IS SUPPOSED TO, IN ORDER TO AVOID PUNISHMENT” IN WHAT STAGE OF MORALITY?
PERSONAL REWARD ORIENTATION
WHAT STAGES ARE UNDER PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY IN KOHLBERG’S THEORY?
OBEDIENCE AND PERSONAL REWARD ORIENTATION
“THINGS WORK OUT BETTER WHEN RULES ARE FOLLOWED”, IN WHAT STAGE OF MORALITY?
LAW & ORDER ORIENTATION
WHAT STAGES ARE UNDER CONVENTIONAL MORALITY IN KOHLBERG’S THEORY?
GOOD BOY/GIRL ORIENTATION AND LAW & ORDER ORIENTATION
“I WILL DO WHAT I THINK IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO”, IN WHAT STAGE OF MORALITY?
CONSCIENCE ORIENTATION
WHAT STAGES ARE UNDER POST - CONVENTIONAL MORALITY IN KOHLBERG’S THEORY?
SOCIAL CONSTRUCT ORIENTATION AND CONSCIENCE ORIENTATION
