BACKGROUND OF PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
lesson 1
it is a scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and mental processes.
Psychology
It is a greek word that means mind or soul.
Psyche
It is a greek word that means the principle or study of.
Logos
The ways of knowing, where it has forms of cognition.
Mental Process
It is a type of behavior where it is observable and manifested “outwardly”
OVERT
IT IS A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT THE ACTIONS ARE NOT THAT DIRECTLY VISIBLE (EX. LYING)
COVERT
IT IS A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT ACTIONS ARE WITHIN ONE’S AWARENESS
CONSCIOUS
IT IS A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR, ACTIONS THAT WE’RE NOT AWARE OF DOING
UNCONSCIOUS
IT IS A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT ARE NATURALLY BODILY ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN BE MEASURED THRU APPARATUS EX. B.P.
NON-CONSCIOUS
A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR MANIFESTED THRU AN ACTION THAT HAS ADEQUATE REASON & IN THE REALM OF SANITY.
RATIONAL
A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT WERE DONE WITHOUT ANY APPARENT REASON OR EXPLANATION.
IRRATIONAL
A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT WERE DONE WITH FULL WILL AND DISCRETION
VOLUNTARY
A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR, AN ACTION THAT WAS DONE AUTOMATICALLY
INVOLUNTARY
A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT UTILIZING FEWER NEURONS IN PROCESS OF BEHAVIOR
SIMPLE
A TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT UTILIZES MANY NEURONS IN MAKING BEHAVIOR
COMPLEX
ONE OF THE AIMS OF PSYCH, WHICH ARE USUALLY QUESTIONED WITH “WHAT?”. SEEKING DETAILED CHARACTERISTIC OF THE BEHAVIOR.
DESCRIBE
ONE OF THE AIMS OF PSYCH, THAT HAS THE GOAL OF CHANGING INTO A DESIRABLE BEHAVIOR THAT ANSWERS THE QUESTION, “HOW?”
CONTROL
ONE OF THE AIMS OF PSYCH, THAT PROVIDES PRESENTATION OF THOSE BEHAVIORS THAT ANSWERS “WHY?”.
UNDERSTAND/EXPLAIN
ONE OF THE AIMS OF PSYCH, THAT LEARN PATTERNS OF BEHAVIORS THAT HAS SPECIFIC OUTCOMES, ANSWERS “WHEN?”
PREDICT
IT IS A STUDY OF MENTAL PROCESSES AND BEHAVIOR, WITH THE USE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY.
BIOPSYCHOLOGY
IT IS A STUDY OF NEURAL MECHANISMS OF PERCEPTION, HAVING DIRECT MANIPULATION OF THE BRAIN.
PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
STUDY, PREVENT, AND TREAT, MENTAL DISORDERS IN HUMANS, THAT HAS A CLINICAL APPLICATION.
PSYCHIATRY
APPLICATION OF SPECIALIZED PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS IN TREATMENTS SUCH AS COUNSELING AND THERAPY
PSYCHOTHERAPY
A SUB-FIELD OF MEDICINES THAT DEALS ON PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS SUCH AS ANTI-DEPRESSANT AND ANTI-ANXIETY.
PSYCHOTROPICS
BRANCH OF MEDICINE THAT INVOLVES SURGERY & CHEMICAL ALTERATIONS THAT TRIES TO MODIFY PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES.
PSYCHOSURGERY
THIS BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY HAVE MERGED WITH THE DISCIPLINE OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY WITH COMMON CONCERNS OF PSYCHOLOGY.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
THIS TYPE OF SURGERY WERE USED IN ANCIENT TIMES, THAT DRILL HOLES IN SKULLS
TREPHINATION.
THESE HAS THE FACTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL THAT ENABLE HUMANS TO USE LANGUAGE.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
IT IS A BELIEF IN ANCIENT PERIOD WHERE GODS AND SPIRITS ARE ATTRIBUTED TO BE THE DIRECT CAUSE OF EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES OF MAN
ANIMISM
HE SAID THAT HUMAN IS COMPOSED OF ATOMS THAT PENETRATES IN AND OUT OF OUR BRAIN.
DEMOCRITUS
SOUL IS DISTINCT TO MAN AND GOD-GIVEN. INTRODUCED HUMAN PSYCHE.
PLATO
WHAT ELEMENT OF HUMAN PSYCHE IS IN THE HEAD?
ELEMENT OF REASON
WHAT ELEMENT OF HUMAN PSYCHE IS IN THE HEART?
SPIRITED ELEMENT
WHAT ELEMENT OF HUMAN PSYCHE IS IN THE DIAPHRAGM?
ELEMENT OF BODILY APPETITES AND DESIRE
THREE FUNCTIONS OF THE SOUL BY ARISTOTLE:
VEGETATIVE, APPETITIVE, RATIONAL
THE FATHER OF PSYCHOLOGY, THE FIRST PERSON TO WRITE ABOUT HUMAN BEHAVIOR THRU EXPLANATION IN THE BOOK “DE ANIMA” (ON THE SOUL) THAT INCLUDES THE 3 FUNCTIONS OF THE SOUL
ARISTOTLE
THE FATHER OF MEDICINE, FIRST PERSON WHO THEORIZED THAT MENTAL DISORDERS CAME FROM NATURAL CAUSES
HIPPOCRATES
HE INTRODUCED TEMPERAMENT, WHICH IS A DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR OF A MAN INCLUDING THE HUMORS.
GALEN
GALEN SAID THAT THEY ARE THE VITAL JUICES IN OUR BODY THAT BUILDS ONE’S TEMPERAMENT.
HUMOR
4 KINDS OF HUMORS
SANGUINE, PHLEGMATIC, MELANCHOLIC, CHOLERIC.
WHAT COLOR AND ITS TRAITS IS SANGUINE FROM THE HUMORS OF GALEN?
YELLOW, CHEERFULNESS
WHAT COLOR AND ITS TRAITS IS PHLEGMATIC FROM THE HUMORS OF GALEN?
GREEN, SLUGGISHNESS
WHAT COLOR AND ITS TRAITS IS MELANCHOLIC FROM THE HUMORS OF GALEN?
BLACK, SADNESS
WHAT COLOR AND ITS TRAITS IS CHOLERIC FROM THE HUMORS OF GALEN?
RED, IRASCIBILITY
CHRISTIAN THINKING, INTRODUCED METHOD OF INTROSPECTION
ST. AGUSTINE OF HIPPO
MERGED WITH IDEA OF ARISTOTLE THAT MIND IS A LIVING MATTER, IN HIS IDEA OF IMMORTALITY.
ST. THOMAS OF AQUINAS
HE INITIALIZED THE USED OF THE TERM “PSYCHOLOGY”
RUDOLF GOCKEL
HE PROPOSED THAT PSYCHOLOGY SHOULD SEPARATE FROM PHILO AND TREAT AS A NATURAL SCIENCE.
FRANCIS BACON
IDEA OF DUALISM & REFLEX ACTIONS THAT INDICATES MIND (SPIRITUAL ENTITY) & BODY INTERACT (PHYSICAL ENTITY)
RENE DESCARTES
HUMAN BEINGS ARE SOPHISTICATED MACHINES AND PHYSICAL OBJECTS THAT THE FUNCTIONS CAN BE EXPLANINED IN MECHANISTIC TERMS.
THOMAS HOBBES
TABULA RASA, MIND IS LIKE BLANK TABLET
JOHN LOCKE
THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE, IDEAS BECOME THE ONLY REALITY
GEORGE BERKELEY
THE THEORY OF REALITY, WHERE ONTOLOGY TREATS POSSIBLE THINGS AND METAPHYSICS INCLUDES UNIVERSE, SOULD & GOD.
CHRISTIAN VON WOLFF
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMPRESSIONS AND IDEAS BETWEEN CREATED IMAGES & DIRECTI SENSATION
DAVID HUME
USED THE METHOD OF ANIMAL MAGNETISM (HYPNOTISM) IN CURING HYSTERIA
FRANZ ATON MESMER
MIND IS NOT BLANK, BUT CAPABLE OF ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE THRU SENSORY EXPERIENCES
IMMANUEL KANT
MAKING PSYCHOLOGY AS SCIENCE
JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART
IDEAS SHOULD BE STIMULATED TO GAIN SENSATION
ERNST WEBER
THEORY OF COLOR VISION, WHICH BASIC COLORS PRODUCES OTHER COLORS.
HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ
THEORY OF EVOLUTION, AND NATURAL SELECTION (ADAPTING ENVIRONMENT)
CHARLES DARWIN
LAW OF CONNECTION BETWEEN THE MIND AND THE BODY
GUSTAV FECHNER
PART OF BRAIN THAT’S CRUCIAL FOR PRODUCING SPEECH
BROCA’S AREA
THE PERSON BEHIND BROCA’S AREA
PAUL BROCA
FATHER OF BEHAVIORAL GENETICS, INTRODUCED THE IDEA OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
FRANCIS GALTON
HE IS THE FATHER OF MODERN/SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY WHERE HE ESTABLISHED THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY
WILHELM WUNDT
WHERE DID WILHELM WUNDT BUILT THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY?
LEIPZIG, GERMANY
INTRODUCED AND THE FATHER OF AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY
WILLIAM JAMES
FATHER OF MODERN PSYCHIATRY, THAT DESCIBED BIPOLAR DISORDER AS “MANIC DEPRESSIVE”
EMIL KRAEPLIN
HE DEVELOPED THE IDEA OF “STRUCTURALISM”, THE WAY OF STUDYING THE MIND, BREAKING DOWN INTO BASIC ELEMENTS.
EDWARD TITCHENER
THE FATHER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, DEVELOPED PSYCHOANALYTIC PROCESS OF FREE ASSOCIATION
SIGMUND FREUD
IT ALLOWS THE PERSON TO SPEAK FREELY TO FEEL RELAXED WHILE HAVING A THERAPY
FREE ASSOCIATION
THEORY OF ORIGIN OF NEUROSIS, THE COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS. iNTRODUCED ANALYTIC PSYCHOLOGY AND COLLECTIVE UNCOSCIOUS RATHER THAN PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS.
CARL JUNG
SUPERIORITY AND INFERIORITY AS A FACTOR THAT AFFECTS MAN’S EXISTENCE
ALFRED ADLER
THEORIZED THAT HUMANS HAVE THE “BASIC NEED FOR LOVE AND SECURITY”
KAREN HORNEY
INTRODUCED STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR, CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS AND CHI-SQUARED STATISTICS.
KARL PEARSON
FATHER OF CLASSICAL TEST THEORY, FIRST SYSTEMATIC PSYCHOMETRICIAN WITH THE USE OF FACTOR ANALYSIS
CHARLES SPEARMAN
I.Q. TESTS OR SO CALLED BINET-SIMON
ALFRED BINET & THEODORE SIMON
HE INTRODUCED OPERANT CONDITIONING, WHERE THERE IS A REINFORCEMENT OR REWARD.
BF SKINNER
HE INTRODUCED CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, WHERE BEHAVIOR CAN BE CONDITIONED.
IVAN PAVLOV.
EXPONENT OF HORMIC PSYCHOLOGY
WILLIAM MCDOUGALL
FATHER OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND THE LAW OF EFFECT
EDWARD THORNDIKE
A BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT STUDIES PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT ARE BASED ON IDEA THAT ALL BEHAVIORS ARE ACQUIRED THROUGH CONDITIONING
BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT STUDIES HOW BRAIN INFLUENCES BEHAVIOR
BIOPSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT FOCUSES ON INTERNAL STATES
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT STUDIES THE ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT LOOKS AT THE DEV’T THROUGHOUT THE LIFESPAN
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT FOCUSES WITH SCHOOLS, TEACHING AND EDUCATIONAL ISSUES
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT UTILIZES SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO RESEARCH THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT FOCUSES ON THE PATTERNS OF THOUGHTS, FEELS AND BEHAVIOR THAT MAKE A PERSON UNIQUE
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL BEHAVIORS OF THE SOCIETY
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY