human body Flashcards
what is the contraction for the gastrointestinal?
peristalsis (1 way direction)
what are the accessory organs for the GI?
liver, gall bladder, and pancrease
what do the teeth do?
mechanical breakdown (high surface area)
what do the salivary glands do?
amylase (starch break down 1st/initial step)
what does the tongue do?
mixes food w/ saliva and pushed bolus (chewed up food) to the back of the mouth
what doss the esophagus do?
bolus movement to the stomach via peristalsis
what does the stomach do?
mechanical digestion gastric glands —> release hydrogen chloride (HCl) and gastric protease
what is the small intestine?
a convulated tube [folds on itself]
glands w/in the small intestine secretes enzymes that digest:
proteins, lipids, & disaccharides
what does the liver do?
produces bile that is stored w/in the gall bladder
what is bile?
1) fat breakdown via emulsification
2) also neutralizes acidic food coming from the stomach
what is pancreatic juice?
protease, lipase, and amylase
what is a result of pancreatic juices with small intestinal enzyme?
complete chemical digestion
what are villi?
finger-like projections
what do the villi do?
they line the intestine and increase the surface area to absorb chemically broken down food (amino acids, fatty acids, disaccharides)
what does each villi contain?
a lacteal
what do lacteals do?
they absorb fatty acids and glycerol and dump them into the lymph of the lymphatic system.
where is every other chemically digested food dumped into?
they are dumped into capillaries.
☆ what are high amounts of glucose stored w/in the liver as?
they are stored as glycogen.
☆ what happens when blood levels decrease?
the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose and adds it to the blood stream
what is the size of the large intestine?
it is shorter and wider than the small intestine
what is able to pass thru the large intestine?
indigestible food (roughage/fiber) and water
what happens to the water in the large intestine?
it is re-absorbed from indigestible food which becomes feces
