endocrine sys. Flashcards
what is the endocrine sys.?
secrete hormones
where is the hypothalamus?
below the thalamus
what do the hypothalamus’ hormone-producing cells influence?
the pituitary gland
where is the pituitary gland located?
base of the brain
what do some of the hormones produced w/in the pituitary gland do?
they regulate activities of other endocrine glands.
what is the growth-stimulating hormone?
wide spread effects including long bone growth
what is the thyroid-stimulating hormone?
stimulates thyroxin release from thyroid
what is the follicle-stimulating hormone?
it stimulates development of follicles in ovaries and influences sperm production
where is the thyroid gland?
neck
what is the hormone of the thyroid gland?
thyroxin (contains iodine)
what is the function of the thyroid gland?
regulates metabolism in cells
what is the thyroid gland essential for?
normal physical and mental development
where is the parathyroid gland located?
back of thyroid gland
what is the hormone of the parathyroid gland?
parathormone
what is the function of the parathyroid gland?
controls of ca+ metabolism
what is the parathyroid gland essential for?
nerve function, blood clotting, and growth of teeth and bones
where are the adrenal glands located?
top of each kidney
what is the outer layer of the adrenal glands?
adrenal cortex (2 hormones/steroids)
what are the 2 hormones of the adrenal cortex?
conversion of fats and proteins to glucose & reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules
what does hormone 2 of the adrenal cortex do?
blood pressure and water balance
what is the inner layer of the adrenal glands?
adrenal medulla
what is the hormone of the adrenal glands?
adrenaline “fight or flight”
what is the function of the adrenal glands?
high blood glucose level, high heart rate, and high breathing rate
where are the islets of langerhans?
pancrease
what are the 2 hormones of the islets of langerhans?
insulin & glucagon
what is the function of insulin?
promotes glucose absorption from blood ([low blood glucose])
what is another function of insulin?
stimulates conversion of glucose into glycogen (liver and skeletal muscles)(storage)
what is the function of glucagon?
promotes the liver and skeletal muscles to convert glycogen to free glucose ([high blood glucose])
what are opposing effects of insulin & glucagon called?
homeostasis
what are gonads?
men and women
what are the mens’ gonads?
testes
what is the hormone of testes?
testosterone
what is the function of the testes?
stimulates male reproductive organ development and secondary sex characteristics
what do the testes produce?
sperm
what are the womens’ gonads?
ovaries
what are the hormones of ovaries?
estrogen & progesterone
what is the function of ovaries?
same as the mens’ function
what do ovaries produce?
egg cells
what is progesterone?
it stimulates uterine walls to thicken in preparation for embryo implantation
what is negative feedback?
it regulates hormone production and secretion
what is the classic type of negative feedback?
pituitary TSH & thyroid thyroxin hormone
what are the steps of the classic type of negative feedback?
1) low [thyroxin blood] = stimulates pituitary = TSH
2) TSH stimulates thyroid = secretes thyroxin
3) [thyroxin blood] levels = TSH secretion stops
what is homeostasis in negative feedback?
regulation of thyroxin by TSH
